diff --git a/internal/topology/builder.go b/internal/topology/builder.go
index 2dabf09..ece453d 100644
--- a/internal/topology/builder.go
+++ b/internal/topology/builder.go
@@ -55,15 +55,23 @@ func (b *Builder) Build() models.TopologyGraph {
 	// 构建边(基于邻居信息)
 	edgeMap := make(map[string]bool) // 用于去重
 	for _, device := range b.devices {
+		fmt.Printf("Building edges for device %s: %d neighbors, %d MAC addresses\n",
+			device.IP, len(device.Neighbors), len(device.MACAddresses))
+		
 		for _, neighbor := range device.Neighbors {
 			// 尝试匹配邻居设备
 			targetIP := neighbor.RemoteIP
+			matchMethod := "IP"
 			
 			// 如果没有IP，尝试通过设备名匹配
 			if targetIP == "" && neighbor.RemoteDevice != "" {
+				fmt.Printf("  Neighbor %s has no IP, trying hostname match: %s\n",
+					neighbor.LocalInterface, neighbor.RemoteDevice)
 				for _, d := range b.devices {
 					if d.Hostname == neighbor.RemoteDevice {
 						targetIP = d.IP
+						matchMethod = "hostname"
+						fmt.Printf("  Matched by hostname: %s -> %s\n", d.Hostname, d.IP)
 						break
 					}
 				}
@@ -71,10 +79,14 @@ func (b *Builder) Build() models.TopologyGraph {
 			
 			// 如果还是没有，尝试通过MAC地址匹配（新增）
 			if targetIP == "" && neighbor.RemoteMAC != "" {
+				fmt.Printf("  Neighbor %s has no IP/hostname, trying MAC match: %s\n",
+					neighbor.LocalInterface, neighbor.RemoteMAC)
 				for _, d := range b.devices {
 					for _, mac := range d.MACAddresses {
 						if mac == neighbor.RemoteMAC {
 							targetIP = d.IP
+							matchMethod = "MAC"
+							fmt.Printf("  Matched by MAC: %s -> %s\n", mac, d.IP)
 							break
 						}
 					}
@@ -85,8 +97,13 @@ func (b *Builder) Build() models.TopologyGraph {
 			}
 
 			if targetIP == "" {
+				fmt.Printf("  Neighbor %s could not be matched (RemoteIP=%s, RemoteMAC=%s, RemoteDevice=%s)\n",
+					neighbor.LocalInterface, neighbor.RemoteIP, neighbor.RemoteMAC, neighbor.RemoteDevice)
 				continue
 			}
+			
+			fmt.Printf("  Creating edge: %s (%s) -> %s via %s, matched by %s\n",
+				device.IP, neighbor.LocalInterface, targetIP, neighbor.RemoteInterface, matchMethod)
 
 			// 创建唯一的边ID
 			edgeID := fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s-%s", device.IP, neighbor.LocalInterface, targetIP)