feat: 数据备份管理系统 v0.1.0

带 Web 操作界面的备份系统，支持：
- 数据源：MySQL 数据库（mysqldump）、服务器目录（tar.gz）
- 存储目标：本地目录、S3 兼容对象存储（MinIO/Ceph/AWS S3）
- 触发方式：手动 + Cron 定时调度（APScheduler）
- 备份还原：MySQL 库、目录
- JWT 登录认证 + Fernet 字段加密
- 保留策略：按数量 + 按天数双重清理

技术栈：FastAPI + SQLAlchemy 2 + APScheduler + aioboto3；
前端 Vite + React 18 + TypeScript + Ant Design 5 + Zustand。
Docker Compose 一键起。

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/schemas/job.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Literal, Optional
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, field_validator
+
+from app.schemas.storage import StorageOut
+
+
+class MySQLSourceConfig(BaseModel):
+    host: str = Field(..., min_length=1)
+    port: int = Field(3306, ge=1, le=65535)
+    user: str = Field(..., min_length=1)
+    password: str = Field("", description="可空（trust auth）")
+    database: str = Field(..., min_length=1, description="要备份的库名")
+    extra_args: str = Field("", description="额外 mysqldump 参数，如 '--skip-lock-tables'")
+
+
+class DirectorySourceConfig(BaseModel):
+    path: str = Field(..., min_length=1, description="要备份的目录绝对路径")
+    exclude_patterns: list[str] = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: [".DS_Store", "__pycache__", "node_modules", ".git"]
+    )
+
+
+class JobBase(BaseModel):
+    name: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=64)
+    type: Literal["mysql", "directory"]
+    source_config: dict
+    storage_id: int
+    cron_expression: Optional[str] = Field(None, description="标准 5 段 cron 表达式，空表示手动")
+    enabled: bool = True
+    retention_count: int = Field(7, ge=1, le=365)
+    retention_days: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=1, le=3650)
+    description: Optional[str] = Field(None, max_length=255)
+
+    @field_validator("cron_expression")
+    @classmethod
+    def _check_cron(cls, v: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+        if v is None or v.strip() == "":
+            return None
+        v = v.strip()
+        parts = v.split()
+        if len(parts) != 5:
+            raise ValueError("cron 必须是 5 段：分 时 日 月 周")
+        return v
+
+
+class JobCreate(JobBase):
+    pass
+
+
+class JobUpdate(BaseModel):
+    name: Optional[str] = Field(None, min_length=1, max_length=64)
+    source_config: Optional[dict] = None
+    storage_id: Optional[int] = None
+    cron_expression: Optional[str] = None
+    enabled: Optional[bool] = None
+    retention_count: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=1, le=365)
+    retention_days: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=1, le=3650)
+    description: Optional[str] = None
+
+
+class JobOut(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+    id: int
+    name: str
+    type: str
+    cron_expression: Optional[str]
+    enabled: bool
+    retention_count: int
+    retention_days: Optional[int]
+    description: Optional[str]
+    storage: StorageOut
+    created_at: datetime
+    updated_at: datetime
+
+
+class RunSummary(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+    id: int
+    status: str
+    trigger: str
+    started_at: Optional[datetime]
+    finished_at: Optional[datetime]
+    duration_seconds: Optional[int]
+    artifact_size: Optional[int]
+    error_message: Optional[str]
+
+
+class JobWithLastRun(JobOut):
+    last_run: Optional[RunSummary] = None
+
+
+class JobRunResponse(BaseModel):
+    run_id: int
+    status: str