feat: 数据备份管理系统 v0.1.0

带 Web 操作界面的备份系统，支持：
- 数据源：MySQL 数据库（mysqldump）、服务器目录（tar.gz）
- 存储目标：本地目录、S3 兼容对象存储（MinIO/Ceph/AWS S3）
- 触发方式：手动 + Cron 定时调度（APScheduler）
- 备份还原：MySQL 库、目录
- JWT 登录认证 + Fernet 字段加密
- 保留策略：按数量 + 按天数双重清理

技术栈：FastAPI + SQLAlchemy 2 + APScheduler + aioboto3；
前端 Vite + React 18 + TypeScript + Ant Design 5 + Zustand。
Docker Compose 一键起。

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/scheduler/scheduler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+"""APScheduler 调度器：FastAPI lifespan 中启动/关闭。"""
+import asyncio
+import logging
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Optional
+
+from apscheduler.schedulers.asyncio import AsyncIOScheduler
+from apscheduler.triggers.cron import CronTrigger
+
+from app.config import get_settings
+from app.database import SessionLocal
+from app.models.job import Job
+from app.models.run import Run
+from app.utils.logging import get_logger
+
+log = get_logger(__name__)
+settings = get_settings()
+
+_scheduler: Optional[AsyncIOScheduler] = None
+
+
+async def _execute_scheduled_job(job_id: int) -> None:
+    """调度器回调：创建 run 记录并启动执行。"""
+    db = SessionLocal()
+    try:
+        job = db.get(Job, job_id)
+        if not job or not job.enabled:
+            return
+        run = Run(
+            job_id=job.id,
+            status="pending",
+            trigger="scheduled",
+            started_at=datetime.utcnow(),
+        )
+        db.add(run)
+        db.commit()
+        db.refresh(run)
+        run_id = run.id
+    finally:
+        db.close()
+
+    from app.core.executor import run_backup
+
+    asyncio.create_task(run_backup(run_id, trigger="scheduled"))
+
+
+def _register_job(job: Job) -> Optional[str]:
+    """注册一个 job 的 cron trigger，返回 APScheduler job id。"""
+    assert _scheduler is not None
+    if not job.enabled or not job.cron_expression:
+        return None
+    try:
+        trigger = CronTrigger.from_crontab(job.cron_expression, timezone=settings.TZ)
+    except Exception as e:
+        log.error("Invalid cron for job %s: %s", job.name, e)
+        return None
+    sched_job = _scheduler.add_job(
+        _execute_scheduled_job,
+        trigger=trigger,
+        args=[job.id],
+        id=f"job-{job.id}",
+        replace_existing=True,
+        misfire_grace_time=600,
+        coalesce=True,
+    )
+    log.info("Registered scheduled job: id=%s name=%s cron=%s", job.id, job.name, job.cron_expression)
+    return sched_job.id
+
+
+def _reload_all_jobs() -> None:
+    """从 DB 重新加载所有 enabled job。"""
+    assert _scheduler is not None
+    # 移除现有
+    for sj in _scheduler.get_jobs():
+        sj.remove()
+    db = SessionLocal()
+    try:
+        jobs = db.query(Job).filter(Job.enabled == True, Job.cron_expression.isnot(None)).all()  # noqa: E712
+        for j in jobs:
+            _register_job(j)
+    finally:
+        db.close()
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def scheduler_lifespan():
+    global _scheduler
+    _scheduler = AsyncIOScheduler(timezone=settings.TZ)
+    _scheduler.start()
+    log.info("Scheduler started")
+    try:
+        _reload_all_jobs()
+        yield
+    finally:
+        _scheduler.shutdown(wait=False)
+        log.info("Scheduler stopped")
+        _scheduler = None
+
+
+def reschedule_job(job_id: int) -> None:
+    """job 更新后调用此函数重新注册。"""
+    if _scheduler is None:
+        return
+    sched_id = f"job-{job_id}"
+    # 移除旧的
+    try:
+        existing = _scheduler.get_job(sched_id)
+        if existing:
+            existing.remove()
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    # 重新加载
+    db = SessionLocal()
+    try:
+        job = db.get(Job, job_id)
+        if job:
+            _register_job(job)
+    finally:
+        db.close()
+
+
+def remove_job(job_id: int) -> None:
+    if _scheduler is None:
+        return
+    try:
+        existing = _scheduler.get_job(f"job-{job_id}")
+        if existing:
+            existing.remove()
+    except Exception:
+        pass