diff --git a/backend/pkg/openvpn/manager.go b/backend/pkg/openvpn/manager.go
index cd0e7ca..5b218b5 100644
--- a/backend/pkg/openvpn/manager.go
+++ b/backend/pkg/openvpn/manager.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package openvpn
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/pem"
 	"fmt"
@@ -616,35 +617,124 @@ var (
 	reHdr  = regexp.MustCompile(`^Updated,([^,]+),`)
 	// status-version 3 CLIENT_LIST 格式（11个字段）:
 	// CLIENT_LIST,CommonName,RealAddress,VirtualAddress,VirtualIPv6,BytesRecv,BytesSent,ConnectedSince,Username,ClientID,PeerID
-	reCli = regexp.MustCompile(`^CLIENT_LIST,([^,]+),([^,]+),([^,]+),([^,]*),(\d+),(\d+),([^,]+),`)
+	reCli3 = regexp.MustCompile(`^CLIENT_LIST,([^,]+),([^,]+),([^,]+),([^,]*),(\d+),(\d+),([^,]+),`)
+	// status-version 1 CLIENT 数据行(5 列):
+	// Common Name,Real Address,Bytes Received,Bytes Sent,Connected Since
+	// test,1.2.3.4:1234,1024,2048,"Sat Aug  9 16:14:10 2025"
+	reCli1 = regexp.MustCompile(`^([^,]+),([^,]+),(\d+),(\d+),"?([^",]+)"?,?`)
 	reTime = regexp.MustCompile(`^Connected Since,([^,]+),`)
 )
 
+// ParseStatusReader 解析 OpenVPN status 文件。
+// 同时支持 status-version 1（人类可读列名）和 status-version 3（CSV）。
+//
+// v1 格式（默认，OpenVPN 未指定 status-version 时使用）:
+//   Common Name,Real Address,Bytes Received,Bytes Sent,Connected Since
+//   test,1.2.3.4:1234,1024,2048,Sat Aug  9 16:14:10 2025
+//
+// v3 格式（status-version 3，11 字段）:
+//   CLIENT_LIST,CN,RealAddr,VPNAddr,IPv6,BytesRecv,BytesSent,ConnectedSince,Username,ClientID,PeerID
+//   CLIENT_LIST,test,1.2.3.4:1234,10.8.0.2,,1024,2048,Sat Aug  9 16:14:10 2025,UNDEF,0,0
 func ParseStatusReader(r io.Reader) ([]StatusEntry, error) {
-	sc := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+	// 先全读入内存,方便做两次扫描（v1 需要从 ROUTING_TABLE 取 VPN IP）
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	sc := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(b))
 	sc.Buffer(make([]byte, 64*1024), 1024*1024)
 	var out []StatusEntry
+	mode := "" // "" / "v1" / "v3"
 	for sc.Scan() {
 		line := sc.Text()
-		switch {
-		case strings.HasPrefix(line, "CLIENT_LIST,"):
-			m := reCli.FindStringSubmatch(line)
+		if mode == "" {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(line, "TITLE,") {
+				mode = "v3"
+			} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "OpenVPN CLIENT LIST") {
+				mode = "v1"
+			} else {
+				continue
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		switch mode {
+		case "v3":
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(line, "CLIENT_LIST,") {
+				continue
+			}
+			m := reCli3.FindStringSubmatch(line)
 			if m == nil {
 				continue
 			}
 			out = append(out, StatusEntry{
 				CommonName:  m[1],
-					RealAddress: m[2],  // RealAddress (IP:port)
-					VPNAddress:  m[3],  // VirtualAddress
-					BytesRecv:   atoi64(m[5]),
-					BytesSent:   atoi64(m[6]),
-					ConnectedAt: parseConnTime(m[7]),
+				RealAddress: m[2],
+				VPNAddress:  m[3],
+				BytesRecv:   atoi64(m[5]),
+				BytesSent:   atoi64(m[6]),
+				ConnectedAt: parseConnTime(m[7]),
+			})
+		case "v1":
+			// 跳过表头和节标记
+			if strings.HasPrefix(line, "Common Name,") || strings.HasPrefix(line, "HEADER,") ||
+				strings.HasPrefix(line, "ROUTING TABLE") || strings.HasPrefix(line, "Virtual Address,") ||
+				strings.HasPrefix(line, "GLOBAL STATS") || strings.HasPrefix(line, "END") ||
+				strings.HasPrefix(line, "Updated,") {
+				continue
+			}
+			m := reCli1.FindStringSubmatch(line)
+			if m == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			out = append(out, StatusEntry{
+				CommonName:  m[1],
+				RealAddress: m[2],
+				VPNAddress:  "",
+				BytesRecv:   atoi64(m[3]),
+				BytesSent:   atoi64(m[4]),
+				ConnectedAt: parseConnTime(m[5]),
 			})
 		}
 	}
+	// v1 模式：用 ROUTING_TABLE 补充 VPNAddress
+	if mode == "v1" {
+		v1VPN := parseV1RoutingTable(bytes.NewReader(b))
+		for i := range out {
+			if ip, ok := v1VPN[out[i].CommonName]; ok {
+				out[i].VPNAddress = ip
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	return out, sc.Err()
 }
 
+// parseV1RoutingTable 从 v1 status 中解析 ROUTING_TABLE 部分,返回 CN→VPNIP。
+func parseV1RoutingTable(r io.Reader) map[string]string {
+	sc := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+	sc.Buffer(make([]byte, 64*1024), 1024*1024)
+	out := map[string]string{}
+	inRouting := false
+	for sc.Scan() {
+		line := sc.Text()
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "ROUTING TABLE") {
+			inRouting = true
+			continue
+		}
+		if !inRouting {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "GLOBAL STATS") || strings.HasPrefix(line, "END") {
+			break
+		}
+		parts := strings.Split(line, ",")
+		if len(parts) < 2 {
+			continue
+		}
+		out[parts[1]] = parts[0]
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 // IsRunning 通过 TCP 探测 openvpn 端口是否可连，仅供参考。
 func (m *Manager) IsRunning(host string, port int) bool {
 	addr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", host, port)