feat(alerts): 飞书通知支持 Web 界面配置(数据库存储+热更新)

1. 新增 notification_config 模型,飞书配置存数据库(单行id=1)
2. feishu_service 改为从数据库读配置,支持热更新,Web保存即生效
3. alerts.py 新增接口:
   - GET /alerts/notify/feishu/config 读配置(secret只返回是否已设)
   - PUT /alerts/notify/feishu/config 保存配置+热更新
   (status/test 同步改为走数据库配置)
4. 前端告警中心增加「飞书通知设置」弹窗:
   - 开关/Webhook/签名密钥/最低级别/类型白名单
   - 保存配置、发送测试按钮
5. alert_service.create_alert 推送时按数据库配置判断

配置无需改文件/重启,前端界面直接保存即生效。

.gitignore

@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ dist/
 *.log
 /tmp/
 
+# Celery Beat 调度状态文件（运行期自动生成）
+celerybeat-schedule*
+celerybeat.pid
+
 # OS
 .DS_Store
 Thumbs.db

PYTHON_3_10_COMPATIBILITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# Python 3.10 兼容性说明
+
+## 概述
+本分支 (python3.10) 专门针对 Python 3.10 环境优化，确保所有代码和依赖都能在 Python 3.10 下正常运行。
+
+## 兼容性调整
+
+### 已验证的兼容特性
+✅ 所有依赖包版本均支持 Python 3.10
+✅ 无 Python 3.11 特有语法（如 `tomllib`、`asyncio.TaskGroup`、`typing.Self` 等）
+✅ 类型注解完全兼容 Python 3.10
+✅ `match` 关键字未用作 Python 3.10 的模式匹配语句（仅用作 `re.match()` 的变量名）
+
+### 重要依赖说明
+
+#### pysnmp 兼容问题解决
+**问题**：`pysnmp==7.1.15` 存在以下兼容性问题：
+- 使用已废弃的 `asyncio.coroutine` 装饰器（Python 3.11 中已移除）
+- 与 Python 3.10+ 的 asyncio 不兼容
+
+**解决方案**：
+使用社区维护的分支 `pysnmp-lextudio==5.0.31`
+- 完全向后兼容原有 pysnmp API
+- 支持 Python 3.6+
+- 积极维护，修复了 asyncio 兼容性问题
+- 导入方式完全不变
+
+```python
+# 无需修改代码，导入方式保持一致
+from pysnmp.hlapi.asyncio import bulkCmd, getCmd, nextCmd
+```
+
+#### pyasn1 版本冲突解决
+**问题**：`pyasn1>=0.5.0` 移除了 `pyasn1.compat.octets` 模块，导致 pysnmp 导入失败。
+同时 `python-jose==3.5.0` 强制要求 `pyasn1>=0.5.0`，形成版本冲突。
+
+**解决方案**：
+- `pyasn1==0.4.8` - 锁定到包含 compat.octets 的版本
+- `pyasn1-modules==0.2.8` - 配套版本
+- `python-jose[cryptography]==3.3.0` - 兼容 pyasn1 0.4.8 的版本
+
+### 依赖版本要求
+- `pysnmp-lextudio==5.0.31` - SNMP 协议兼容替代
+- `typing-extensions>=4.5.0` - 提供额外的类型支持
+- 所有核心依赖（FastAPI、SQLAlchemy、Pydantic 等）均已验证兼容
+
+## 已知的 Python 3.11+ 特性未使用
+项目中未使用以下 Python 3.11+ 特有的功能：
+- `tomllib` 标准库（如有需要可使用 `tomli` 第三方库）
+- `asyncio.TaskGroup`
+- `typing.Self`
+- `ExceptionGroup` / `except*`
+- `StrEnum` / `IntEnum` 的新特性
+
+## 安装说明
+```bash
+cd backend
+pip install -r requirements.txt
+```
+
+## 升级提示
+如果未来需要升级到 Python 3.11+，可以：
+1. 使用 `tomllib` 替代可能的 TOML 解析需求
+2. 考虑使用 `asyncio.TaskGroup` 改进异步代码结构
+3. 使用 `typing.Self` 简化类型注解
+
+## 验证
+可以使用以下命令验证 Python 版本兼容性：
+```bash
+python --version  # 应为 3.10.x 或 3.11.x
+python -c "import sys; assert sys.version_info >= (3, 10), 'Python 3.10+ required'"
+
+# 验证 pysnmp 导入
+python -c "from pysnmp.hlapi.asyncio import bulkCmd, getCmd, nextCmd; print('pysnmp OK')"
+```

README.md

@@ -53,46 +53,55 @@
 ### 一键启动所有服务
 
 #### 方式一：使用启动脚本（推荐）
+
+`start.sh` 目录自适应，无论部署在 `/opt`、`/usr/local`、`/root` 还是其它任意目录，
+直接以脚本所在目录为项目根运行即可（需 root 权限）：
+
 ```bash
-cd /root/ipam
+cd /你的部署目录     # 例如 /opt/ipam，跟随你实际的部署路径
-./start.sh
+bash start.sh
 ```
 
+运行时会自动：创建 Python venv → 安装后端依赖 → 启动 MySQL/Redis 容器 →
+生成 3 个 systemd 服务（backend / celery-worker / celery-beat）并 enable 开机自启 →
+启动前端。更多细节见下文「生产环境部署建议」。
+
 #### 方式二：手动启动
 
+> ⚠️ 仅供开发调试用。生产环境推荐使用方式一（start.sh），可自动生成 systemd 服务、开机自启、崩溃自动重启。
 
 #### 安装依赖环境
 ```bash
-cd /root/ipam/backend
+# 以下 <项目目录> 均指你实际的部署路径，例如 /opt/ipam
+cd <项目目录>/backend
 source venv/bin/activate
 pip install "pysnmp==4.4.12" "pyasn1<0.5.0" "pysmi<0.4.0"
-apt install -y celery
 ```
 
 ##### 1️⃣ 启动后端 API 服务
 ```bash
-cd /root/ipam/backend
+cd <项目目录>/backend
 source venv/bin/activate
 uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8008
 ```
 
 ##### 2️⃣ 启动 Celery Worker（执行扫描任务）
 ```bash
-cd /root/ipam/backend
+cd <项目目录>/backend
 source venv/bin/activate
 celery -A app.tasks.celery_app worker --loglevel=info --concurrency=4
 ```
 
 ##### 3️⃣ 启动 Celery Beat（定时任务调度器，自动扫描必须启动）
 ```bash
-cd /root/ipam/backend
+cd <项目目录>/backend
 source venv/bin/activate
 celery -A app.tasks.celery_app beat --loglevel=info
 ```
 
 ##### 4️⃣ 启动前端
 ```bash
-cd /root/ipam/frontend
+cd <项目目录>/frontend
 npm install
 npm run dev -- --host 0.0.0.0 --port 3000
 ```
@@ -113,7 +122,7 @@ npm run dev -- --host 0.0.0.0 --port 3000
 
 ### 如何自定义扫描频率
 
-编辑配置文件：`/root/ipam/backend/app/tasks/celery_app.py`
+编辑配置文件：`<项目目录>/backend/app/tasks/celery_app.py`
 
 ```python
 # 定时任务配置 (第 36-55 行)
@@ -169,7 +178,7 @@ celery_app.conf.beat_schedule = {
 
 #### 查看 Celery 活跃任务
 ```bash
-cd /root/ipam/backend
+cd <项目目录>/backend
 source venv/bin/activate
 celery -A app.tasks.celery_app inspect active
 ```
@@ -188,83 +197,109 @@ celery -A app.tasks.celery_app inspect stats
 
 ## 🛠️ 生产环境部署建议
 
-### 使用 Systemd 管理服务（开机自启）
+### 推荐方式：使用 start.sh（自动化，目录自适应）
 
-#### 1. 创建 IPAM API 服务
+`start.sh` 已内置完整的生产级部署逻辑，**无需手动创建任何 systemd 单元**：
-```ini
-# /etc/systemd/system/ipam-api.service
-[Unit]
-Description=IPAM API Service
-After=network.target mysql.service redis.service
 
-[Service]
+- **目录自适应**：不硬编码路径，自动以脚本所在目录为项目根。无论部署在
-Type=simple
+  `/opt/ipam`、`/usr/local/ipam`、`/root/ipam` 还是其它任意目录都能工作。
-User=root
+- **systemd 自动生成**：运行 `start.sh` 时自动生成并 `systemctl enable` 如下
-WorkingDirectory=/root/ipam/backend
+  3 个服务，实现**开机自启** + **崩溃自动重启**（`Restart=always`）：
-Environment="PATH=/root/ipam/backend/venv/bin"
-ExecStart=/root/ipam/backend/venv/bin/uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8008
-Restart=always
-RestartSec=10
 
-[Install]
+  | 服务名 | 内容 | 说明 |
-WantedBy=multi-user.target
+  |--------|------|------|
-```
+  | `ipam-backend` | uvicorn :8008 | 后端 API |
+  | `ipam-celery-worker` | celery worker | 执行扫描/轮询任务 |
+  | `ipam-celery-beat` | celery beat | 定时任务调度器（每60秒触发 SNMP 设备自动轮询） |
 
-#### 2. 创建 Celery Worker 服务
+  日志写入 `/var/log/ipam/*.log`。
-```ini
-# /etc/systemd/system/ipam-celery-worker.service
-[Unit]
-Description=IPAM Celery Worker
-After=network.target redis.service
 
-[Service]
+#### 首次部署（全新机器）
-Type=simple
-User=root
-WorkingDirectory=/root/ipam/backend
-Environment="PATH=/root/ipam/backend/venv/bin"
-ExecStart=/root/ipam/backend/venv/bin/celery -A app.tasks.celery_app worker --loglevel=info --concurrency=4
-Restart=always
-RestartSec=10
 
-[Install]
-WantedBy=multi-user.target
-```
-
-#### 3. 创建 Celery Beat 服务
-```ini
-# /etc/systemd/system/ipam-celery-beat.service
-[Unit]
-Description=IPAM Celery Beat Scheduler
-After=network.target redis.service
-
-[Service]
-Type=simple
-User=root
-WorkingDirectory=/root/ipam/backend
-Environment="PATH=/root/ipam/backend/venv/bin"
-ExecStart=/root/ipam/backend/venv/bin/celery -A app.tasks.celery_app beat --loglevel=info
-Restart=always
-RestartSec=10
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=multi-user.target
-```
-
-#### 4. 启用并启动服务
 ```bash
-# 重新加载配置
+# 1. 前置：Python3 / Node.js / Docker 需已安装
-systemctl daemon-reload
+# 2. git clone 代码（放到你想要的任何目录）
+git clone https://git.cnbugs.com/AI-Agent/ipam.git /opt/ipam
+cd /opt/ipam
 
-# 启用开机自启
+# 3. 一键启动（需 root 权限，自动装依赖 + 起 MySQL/Redis 容器 + 生成 systemd + 启前端）
-systemctl enable ipam-api ipam-celery-worker ipam-celery-beat
+bash start.sh
-
-# 启动服务
-systemctl start ipam-api ipam-celery-worker ipam-celery-beat
-
-# 查看服务状态
-systemctl status ipam-api ipam-celery-worker ipam-celery-beat
 ```
 
+启动成功后即可访问：
+- 管理界面 `http://服务器IP:3000`
+- API 文档 `http://服务器IP:8008/docs`
+
+> 💡 首次运行 `start.sh` 会自动创建 Python venv、安装前端依赖（含 vite）、
+> 启动 MySQL/Redis Docker 容器、生成 3 个 systemd 服务并 enable 开机自启，
+> 全程无需人工干预。若部署目录想换到别处，把项目整个复制过去再跑一次
+> `bash start.sh` 即可自动重写 systemd 单元。
+
+#### 服务管理命令
+
+```bash
+# 启动 / 停止 / 重启
+bash start.sh
+bash stop.sh
+
+# 查看状态（开机自启 + 运行中）
+systemctl status ipam-backend ipam-celery-worker ipam-celery-beat
+
+# 查看日志
+tail -f /var/log/ipam/ipam-backend.log
+tail -f /var/log/ipam/ipam-celery-worker.log
+tail -f /var/log/ipam/ipam-celery-beat.log
+```
+
+---
+
+### 生产服务器更新流程（git 部署时）
+
+生产代码是通过 `git clone` 放上去的，日常更新用 `git pull` 拉取远端最新代码，
+再重启服务即可。**推荐更新流程**：
+
+```bash
+cd /你的部署目录            # 例如 /opt/ipam，跟随你实际的部署路径
+
+# 1.（可选）备份当前脚本，防止意外
+cp start.sh /tmp/start.sh.bak
+
+# 2. 拉取远端最新代码（含全部修复：单IP扫描、SNMP自动轮询、告警检测、部署脚本）
+git pull origin master
+
+# 3. 重启服务让新代码生效（需 root）
+#    - 后端 / Celery Worker / Celery Beat 是 systemd 管理，重启它们即可
+systemctl restart ipam-backend ipam-celery-worker ipam-celery-beat
+
+#    - 前端 vite dev server 是 nohup 方式，需手动重启：
+pkill -f "vite" ; sleep 2
+cd frontend && nohup npm run dev -- --host 0.0.0.0 --port 3000 > /tmp/ipam-frontend.log 2>&1 &
+
+# 4. 全量一键启动（更省心：自动检测目录重新生成 systemd + 拉起全部服务）
+#    bash start.sh
+
+# 5. 验证服务全部正常
+systemctl is-active ipam-backend ipam-celery-worker ipam-celery-beat   # 应输出 3 个 active
+curl -s http://localhost:8008/health                                   # 后端健康
+curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://localhost:3000           # 前端 200
+```
+
+**更新要点：**
+
+1. **后端 / Celery 是 systemd 管理**（ipam-backend / ipam-celery-worker /
+   ipam-celery-beat），更新代码后只需 `systemctl restart` 这三个服务，
+   它们会保持开机自启和崩溃自动重启。
+2. **前端是 nohup 方式**（vite dev server，开发服务不纳入 systemd），需要
+   `pkill -f vite` 后重新 `npm run dev` 启动。
+3. **依赖变更时**：若 `git pull` 拉取后要求新 Python 包，执行
+   `cd backend && venv/bin/pip install -r requirements.txt`；
+   前端依赖变化则 `cd frontend && npm install --include=dev`。
+4. **若你切换了部署目录**（从 /opt 挪到 /usr/local 等），直接在新位置跑一次
+   `bash start.sh`，它会自动按新目录重新生成 systemd 单元，无需手动改任何配置。
+5. **首次部署到新机器**建议直接跑 `bash start.sh`（一键全自动），日常增量更新
+   用第 2~4 步的重启方式即可，两者效果一致。
+
+
 ---
 
 ## 🌐 访问地址
@@ -358,7 +393,7 @@ A: 1. 增加并发数 2. 关闭 DNS 解析（较慢）3. 分网段分时段扫
 ## 📁 项目结构
 
 ```
-/root/ipam/
+<项目目录>/            # 例如 /opt/ipam、/usr/local/ipam，任意目录均可
 ├── backend/
 │   ├── app/
 │   │   ├── api/v1/           # API 路由

backend/.env.example

@@ -17,3 +17,16 @@ SECRET_KEY=your-super-secret-key-here-change-in-production
 PING_TIMEOUT=2
 PING_RETRIES=2
 SCAN_CONCURRENCY=50
+
+# 飞书机器人告警通知配置
+# 1. 在飞书群添加"自定义机器人"，复制 Webhook 地址填入 FEISHU_WEBHOOK_URL
+# 2. 若机器人开启了"签名校验"，把密钥填 FEISHU_SECRET；未开启留空
+# 3. FEISHU_ENABLED=true 开启总开关
+# 4. FEISHU_MIN_SEVERITY=warning  仅推送 >= 该级别的告警（info/warning/error/critical）
+# 5. FEISHU_ALERT_TYPES 可选，逗号分隔的告警类型白名单，留空=全部推送
+FEISHU_ENABLED=false
+FEISHU_WEBHOOK_URL=
+FEISHU_SECRET=
+FEISHU_MIN_SEVERITY=warning
+FEISHU_ALERT_TYPES=
+

backend/app/api/v1/alerts.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from typing import Optional
 from app.core.database import get_db
 from app.core.security import get_current_user
 from app.services.alert_service import AlertService
+from app.schemas._tz_util import serialize_dt_fields, serialize_dt_list, to_business_iso
 
 router = APIRouter(
     prefix="/alerts",
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ def get_alerts(
     total = query.count()
     items = query.order_by(Alert.created_at.desc()).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()
 
-    return {"total": total, "items": items}
+    return {"total": total, "items": serialize_dt_list(items)}
 
 
 @router.get("/{alert_id}", summary="获取告警详情")
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ def get_alert(alert_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
     alert = db.query(Alert).filter(Alert.id == alert_id).first()
     if not alert:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="告警不存在")
-    return alert
+    return serialize_dt_fields(alert)
 
 
 @router.post("/{alert_id}/acknowledge", summary="确认告警")
@@ -180,3 +181,91 @@ def detect_offline_devices(db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
         "count": len(offline_devices),
         "devices": offline_devices
     }
+
+
+# ========== 飞书告警通知 ==========
+
+@router.get("/notify/feishu/config", summary="获取飞书通知配置")
+def get_feishu_config(db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+    """读取飞书通知配置（Web 界面显示用，不返回 secret 原文只返回是否已设置）"""
+    from app.models.notification import NotificationConfig
+    row = NotificationConfig.get_singleton(db)
+    return {
+        "feishu_enabled": bool(row.feishu_enabled),
+        "feishu_webhook_url": row.feishu_webhook_url or "",
+        "feishu_secret_set": bool(row.feishu_secret),
+        "feishu_min_severity": row.feishu_min_severity or "warning",
+        "feishu_alert_types": row.feishu_alert_types or "",
+    }
+
+
+@router.put("/notify/feishu/config", summary="保存飞书通知配置")
+def update_feishu_config(
+    feishu_enabled: bool,
+    feishu_webhook_url: str = "",
+    feishu_secret: str = "",
+    feishu_min_severity: str = "warning",
+    feishu_alert_types: str = "",
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+):
+    """保存飞书通知配置到数据库并热更新（无需重启后端）"""
+    from app.models.notification import NotificationConfig
+    row = NotificationConfig.get_singleton(db)
+    row.feishu_enabled = bool(feishu_enabled)
+    row.feishu_webhook_url = (feishu_webhook_url or "").strip()
+    # 仅当传入新 secret 时才覆盖（避免 UI 回显时清空已有 secret）
+    if feishu_secret:
+        row.feishu_secret = feishu_secret.strip()
+    row.feishu_min_severity = feishu_min_severity or "warning"
+    row.feishu_alert_types = (feishu_alert_types or "").strip()
+    db.commit()
+
+    # 热更新运行时的飞书服务
+    from app.services.feishu_service import reload_feishu_service
+    svc = reload_feishu_service(db)
+
+    return {
+        "message": "飞书通知配置已保存并生效",
+        "success": True,
+        "configured": svc.is_configured(),
+    }
+
+
+@router.get("/notify/feishu/status", summary="获取飞书通知运行状态")
+def get_feishu_status(db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+    """查看飞书通知运行状态"""
+    from app.services.feishu_service import get_feishu_service
+    svc = get_feishu_service(db)
+    return {
+        "enabled": svc.enabled,
+        "configured": bool(svc.webhook_url),
+        "webhook_set": bool(svc.webhook_url),
+        "secret_set": bool(svc.secret),
+        "min_severity": svc.min_severity,
+        "alert_types": svc.alert_types,
+        "cani_push": svc.is_configured(),
+    }
+
+
+@router.post("/notify/feishu/test", summary="发送飞书测试告警")
+def test_feishu_notification(db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+    """发送一条测试告警到飞书，验证 webhook 配置是否正确"""
+    from app.services.feishu_service import get_feishu_service
+    svc = get_feishu_service(db)
+    if not svc.is_configured():
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=400,
+            detail="飞书通知未启用或未配置 webhook。请在告警中心「飞书通知设置」中配置并开启"
+        )
+    ok = svc.send_alert({
+        "alert_type": "new_device_detected",
+        "severity": "warning",
+        "title": "飞书通知测试",
+        "message": "这是一条测试告警，用于验证飞书机器人 webhook 配置是否正常。",
+        "ip_address_str": "172.16.0.1",
+        "mac_address": "00:11:22:33:44:55",
+    })
+    if ok:
+        return {"message": "飞书测试通知发送成功", "success": True}
+    raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail="飞书测试通知发送失败，请检查 webhook 地址和日志")
+

backend/app/api/v1/audit.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from app.core.security import get_current_user, require_permission
 from app.models.auth import User
 from app.models.audit import AuditAction, AuditResource
 from app.services.audit_service import AuditService
+from app.schemas._tz_util import to_business_iso
 
 router = APIRouter(prefix="/audit", tags=["审计日志"])
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ def get_audit_logs(
             "request_path": item.request_path,
             "success": bool(item.success),
             "error_message": item.error_message,
-            "created_at": item.created_at
+            "created_at": to_business_iso(item.created_at)
         })
     
     return {"total": total, "items": result_items}

backend/app/api/v1/enhanced_scan.py

@@ -113,7 +113,8 @@ def comprehensive_scan_ip(
     EnhancedScanService.update_ip_from_scan_result(db, result)
 
     # 刷新所属网段统计字段（used_ips/reserved_ips），保证网段列表利用率能即时反映
-    db_ip = db.query(IPAddress).filter(IPAddress.ip_address == ip_address).first()
+    from app.models.network import IPAddress as IPAddressModel
+    db_ip = db.query(IPAddressModel).filter(IPAddressModel.ip_address == ip_address).first()
     if db_ip:
         NetworkService.get_stats(db, db_ip.network_id)
 

backend/app/api/v1/snmp.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from app.core.security import get_current_user
 from app.models.auth import User
 from app.services.snmp_service import SNMPService
 from app.services.audit_service import AuditService, AuditAction
+from app.schemas._tz_util import serialize_dt_fields, serialize_dt_list
 
 router = APIRouter(
     prefix="/snmp",
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ def get_snmp_credentials(
     query = db.query(SNMPCredential)
     total = query.count()
     items = query.order_by(SNMPCredential.id.desc()).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()
-    return {"total": total, "items": items}
+    return {"total": total, "items": serialize_dt_list(items)}
 
 
 @router.get("/credentials/{credential_id}", summary="获取凭据详情")
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def get_snmp_credential(credential_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
     credential = db.query(SNMPCredential).filter(SNMPCredential.id == credential_id).first()
     if not credential:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="凭据不存在")
-    return credential
+    return serialize_dt_fields(credential)
 
 
 @router.post("/credentials", summary="创建 SNMP 凭据")
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ def create_snmp_credential(
         user_agent=u,
         detail={"version": credential.version, "name": credential.name},
     )
-    return credential
+    return serialize_dt_fields(credential)
 
 
 @router.put("/credentials/{credential_id}", summary="更新 SNMP 凭据")
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ def update_snmp_credential(
             "after": {"name": credential.name, "description": credential.description, "is_active": credential.is_active, "timeout": credential.timeout, "retries": credential.retries},
         },
     )
-    return credential
+    return serialize_dt_fields(credential)
 
 
 @router.delete("/credentials/{credential_id}", summary="删除 SNMP 凭据")
@@ -243,29 +244,16 @@ def get_network_devices(
 
     serialized = []
     for d in items:
-        item = {
+        item = serialize_dt_fields(d)
-            "id": d.id,
+        # 补充手写的关联字段（datetime 已经由 serialize_dt_fields 序列化）
-            "name": d.name,
+        item["device_type"] = d.device_type.value if hasattr(d.device_type, 'value') else d.device_type
-            "description": d.description,
+        item["credential_name"] = cred_map.get(d.snmp_credential_id)
-            "ip_address": d.ip_address,
+        item["snmp_credential_id"] = d.snmp_credential_id  # 显式添加，确保前端能拿到
-            "port": d.port,
+        item["last_polled_at"] = item.get("last_polled_at")  # 已是 ISO 字符串
-            "device_type": d.device_type.value if hasattr(d.device_type, 'value') else d.device_type,
+        item["last_successful_poll"] = item.get("last_successful_poll")
-            "vendor": d.vendor,
+        item["arp_poll_interval"] = d.arp_poll_interval
-            "model": d.model,
+        item["mac_poll_interval"] = d.mac_poll_interval
-            "firmware_version": d.firmware_version,
+        item["interface_poll_interval"] = d.interface_poll_interval
-            "serial_number": d.serial_number,
-            "location": d.location,
-            "snmp_credential_id": d.snmp_credential_id,
-            "credential_name": cred_map.get(d.snmp_credential_id),
-            "is_active": d.is_active,
-            "last_polled_at": d.last_polled_at.isoformat() if d.last_polled_at else None,
-            "last_successful_poll": d.last_successful_poll.isoformat() if d.last_successful_poll else None,
-            "arp_poll_interval": d.arp_poll_interval,
-            "mac_poll_interval": d.mac_poll_interval,
-            "interface_poll_interval": d.interface_poll_interval,
-            "created_at": d.created_at.isoformat() if d.created_at else None,
-            "updated_at": d.updated_at.isoformat() if d.updated_at else None,
-        }
         serialized.append(item)
 
     return {"total": total, "items": serialized}
@@ -278,7 +266,7 @@ def get_network_device(device_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
     device = db.query(NetworkDevice).filter(NetworkDevice.id == device_id).first()
     if not device:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="设备不存在")
-    return device
+    return serialize_dt_fields(device)
 
 
 @router.post("/devices", summary="创建网络设备")
@@ -329,7 +317,7 @@ def create_network_device(
         user_agent=u,
         detail={"ip_address": device.ip_address, "port": device.port, "device_type": device.device_type.value if hasattr(device.device_type, 'value') else device.device_type},
     )
-    return device
+    return serialize_dt_fields(device)
 
 
 @router.put("/devices/{device_id}", summary="更新网络设备")
@@ -338,6 +326,7 @@ def update_network_device(
     name: Optional[str] = None,
     ip_address: Optional[str] = None,
     snmp_credential_id: Optional[int] = None,
+    clear_snmp_credential: bool = False,  # 新增：专门的标志
     port: Optional[int] = None,
     device_type: Optional[str] = None,
     description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -363,7 +352,13 @@ def update_network_device(
         device.name = name
     if ip_address:
         device.ip_address = ip_address
-    if snmp_credential_id is not None:
+    # 处理 SNMP 凭据：
+    # - clear_snmp_credential=True → 清除凭据
+    # - snmp_credential_id > 0 → 设置为该值
+    # - 否则（都不做任何操作
+    if clear_snmp_credential:
+        device.snmp_credential_id = None
+    elif snmp_credential_id is not None and snmp_credential_id > 0:
         device.snmp_credential_id = snmp_credential_id
     if port:
         device.port = port
@@ -400,7 +395,7 @@ def update_network_device(
             },
         },
     )
-    return device
+    return serialize_dt_fields(device)
 
 
 @router.delete("/devices/{device_id}", summary="删除网络设备")
@@ -442,7 +437,7 @@ def delete_network_device(
 # ========== SNMP 操作 ==========
 
 @router.post("/devices/{device_id}/test", summary="测试 SNMP 连接")
-def test_snmp_connection(device_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+async def test_snmp_connection(device_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
     """测试设备的 SNMP 连接（不写审计，避免刷屏）"""
     from app.models.snmp import NetworkDevice
 
@@ -453,7 +448,7 @@ def test_snmp_connection(device_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
     if not device.snmp_credential:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="设备未配置 SNMP 凭据")
 
-    success, info = SNMPService.test_connection(device, device.snmp_credential)
+    success, info = await SNMPService.test_connection(device, device.snmp_credential)
 
     return {
         "device_id": device_id,
@@ -464,9 +459,9 @@ def test_snmp_connection(device_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
 
 
 @router.post("/devices/{device_id}/poll", summary="立即轮询设备")
-def poll_device_now(device_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+async def poll_device_now(device_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
     """立即轮询设备，获取 ARP 表、MAC 地址表、接口信息（不写审计，常规操作）"""
-    result = SNMPService.poll_device(db, device_id)
+    result = await SNMPService.poll_device(db, device_id)
 
     if 'error' in result:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=result['error'])
@@ -475,7 +470,7 @@ def poll_device_now(device_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
 
 
 @router.post("/devices/{device_id}/arp", summary="获取设备 ARP 表")
-def get_device_arp_table(device_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+async def get_device_arp_table(device_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
     """获取设备的 ARP 表"""
     from app.models.snmp import NetworkDevice, ARPEntry
 
@@ -486,7 +481,7 @@ def get_device_arp_table(device_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
     if not device.snmp_credential:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="设备未配置 SNMP 凭据")
 
-    entries = SNMPService.get_arp_table(device, device.snmp_credential, db)
+    entries = await SNMPService.get_arp_table(device, device.snmp_credential, db)
 
     return {
         "device_id": device_id,

backend/app/core/config.py

@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     PING_RETRIES: int = 2
     SCAN_CONCURRENCY: int = 50
 
+    # 飞书机器人告警通知配置
+    FEISHU_ENABLED: bool = False          # 总开关
+    FEISHU_WEBHOOK_URL: str = ""          # 飞书自定义机器人 webhook 地址
+    FEISHU_SECRET: str = ""               # 可选：机器人签名校验密钥（开启签名校验时必填）
+    FEISHU_MIN_SEVERITY: str = "warning"  # 最低告警级别：info/warning/error/critical，仅推送 >= 该级别
+    FEISHU_ALERT_TYPES: str = ""          # 可选：逗号分隔的告警类型白名单，空=全部推送
+
     class Config:
         env_file = ".env"
 

backend/app/main.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from app.models.snmp import SNMPCredential, NetworkDevice, ARPEntry, MACAddressT
 from app.models.alert import Alert, AlertRule, WhitelistedMAC
 from app.models.auth import User, UserRole, UserStatus, Permission, RolePermission, RefreshToken
 from app.models.audit import AuditLog
+from app.models.notification import NotificationConfig
 
 
 @asynccontextmanager

backend/app/models/notification.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Boolean, DateTime, Text
+from sqlalchemy.sql import func
+from app.core.database import Base
+
+
+class NotificationConfig(Base):
+    """通知渠道配置（当前支持飞书机器人）。
+    使用单行记录（id=1）存储，便于 Web 界面读写和热更新。
+    """
+    __tablename__ = "notification_config"
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
+    # 飞书
+    feishu_enabled = Column(Boolean, default=False)           # 总开关
+    feishu_webhook_url = Column(String(500), default="")     # 机器人 webhook 地址
+    feishu_secret = Column(String(255), default="")          # 签名校验密钥（可选）
+    feishu_min_severity = Column(String(20), default="warning")  # 最低告警级别
+    feishu_alert_types = Column(Text, default="")            # 逗号分隔的类型白名单，空=全部
+
+    updated_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_singleton(cls, db):
+        """获取或创建单行配置"""
+        row = db.query(cls).filter(cls.id == 1).first()
+        if row is None:
+            row = cls(id=1)
+            db.add(row)
+            db.commit()
+            db.refresh(row)
+        return row

backend/app/schemas/_tz_util.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+"""
+统一时间格式化工具
+
+背景：MySQL DATETIME 不带时区，backend 用 datetime.utcnow() 写入 UTC naive datetime。
+原 schema 直接 .isoformat() 输出，前端拿到无时区字符串后当成 Asia/Shanghai 本地时间显示，
+导致所有时间统一少 8 小时。
+
+本工具把任意 datetime（naive 或 aware）一律按 UTC 输出，带 'Z' 后缀。
+前端收到 'Z' 后缀字符串后，按 UTC 解析后再 +8 小时显示为 Asia/Shanghai 时间。
+
+也兼容 MySQL 返回 naive 时被错当成 local time 的情况：调用方传入数字或字符串时
+不会出错，自动识别。
+"""
+from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+
+# 业务时区：服务器期望最终用户看到的时区。
+# 目前写死 Asia/Shanghai (UTC+8)；如以后部署到其他时区，改这里即可。
+BUSINESS_TZ = timezone(timedelta(hours=8))
+BUSINESS_TZ_NAME = "Asia/Shanghai"
+
+
+def to_utc_iso(dt: Optional[datetime]) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    把 datetime 转成 UTC ISO8601 字符串（带 Z 后缀）。
+    - aware datetime 调 astimezone(UTC)
+    - naive datetime 假定为 UTC（与 datetime.utcnow() 写入策略一致）
+    - None 返回 None
+    """
+    if dt is None:
+        return None
+    if dt.tzinfo is None:
+        # naive 一律视为 UTC（与 datetime.utcnow() 写入策略一致）
+        dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    # 用 '+00:00' 替换成 'Z'，更标准的 ISO8601 形式
+    return dt.astimezone(timezone.utc).isoformat().replace('+00:00', 'Z')
+
+
+def to_business_iso(dt: Optional[datetime]) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    把 datetime 转成业务时区（Asia/Shanghai）的 ISO8601 字符串（带 +08:00 后缀）。
+    前端拿到后可直接当本地时间显示。
+    """
+    if dt is None:
+        return None
+    if dt.tzinfo is None:
+        dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    return dt.astimezone(BUSINESS_TZ).isoformat()
+
+
+def utc_str_to_business_str(s: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    把 'YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.ffffff][Z|+HH:MM]' 字符串按 UTC 解析，
+    转成业务时区 ISO8601 字符串。
+    用于后端已经输出 UTC 时，前端（或后端自己）做时区转换的辅助函数。
+    """
+    if not s:
+        return None
+    try:
+        dt = datetime.fromisoformat(s.replace('Z', '+00:00'))
+        return to_business_iso(dt)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        return s
+
+
+def now_business_iso() -> str:
+    """供后端临时插入用：返回当前业务时区时间"""
+    return datetime.now(BUSINESS_TZ).isoformat()
+
+
+def serialize_dt_fields(model, fields: Optional[list] = None) -> dict:
+    """
+    把 ORM model 转成 dict，datetime 字段自动用业务时区 ISO 字符串输出。
+
+    用于 audit/snmp/alerts 等内联 dict 序列化的 endpoint，确保返回的
+    时间字段不会因为裸 .isoformat() 输出而少 8 小时。
+
+    用法：
+        return serialize_dt_fields(alert, ['created_at', 'updated_at'])
+        return serialize_dt_fields(alert)  # 自动检测所有 datetime 字段
+    """
+    from sqlalchemy import inspect as sa_inspect
+    result = {}
+    # inspect Class（不是 instance），可以拿 mapper.columns
+    mapper = sa_inspect(type(model)) if not isinstance(model, type) else sa_inspect(model)
+    datetime_fields: list = []
+    if fields is None:
+        for column in mapper.columns:
+            col_type = str(column.type).upper()
+            if 'DATETIME' in col_type or 'TIMESTAMP' in col_type:
+                datetime_fields.append(column.key)
+    else:
+        datetime_fields = fields
+    for column in mapper.columns:
+        value = getattr(model, column.key, None)
+        if column.key in datetime_fields:
+            result[column.key] = to_business_iso(value)
+        else:
+            if hasattr(value, 'value'):  # Enum
+                result[column.key] = value.value
+            else:
+                result[column.key] = value
+    return result
+
+
+def serialize_dt_list(models, fields: Optional[list] = None) -> list:
+    """批量版本：返回每个 model 的 dict 列表"""
+    return [serialize_dt_fields(m, fields) for m in models]  # type: ignore

backend/app/schemas/network.py

@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator, field_serializer
 from typing import Optional, List, Dict, Any
 from datetime import datetime
 import ipaddress
 from app.models.network import IPStatus, TaskStatus, TaskType
+from app.schemas._tz_util import to_business_iso, to_utc_iso
+
+
+# Pydantic v2 字段序列化器：把 datetime 转成业务时区 ISO 字符串
+# 让前端拿到 'YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+08:00'，可直接当本地时间显示
+_datetime_business_serializer = field_serializer(
+    'datetime',
+    when_used='always',
+    check_fields=None,  # 重要：应用到所有 datetime 字段
+)(lambda dt: to_business_iso(dt))
 
 
 # ========== 网段相关 Schemas ==========
@@ -55,6 +65,11 @@ class Network(NetworkBase):
     created_at: datetime
     updated_at: Optional[datetime]
 
+    # Pydantic v2: 用 model_serializer 在序列化整个 model 时把所有 datetime 转成业务时区
+    @field_serializer('created_at', 'updated_at')
+    def _tz_serializers(self, dt: Optional[datetime]) -> Optional[str]:
+        return to_business_iso(dt)
+
     class Config:
         from_attributes = True
 
@@ -120,6 +135,10 @@ class IPAddress(IPAddressBase):
     created_at: datetime
     updated_at: Optional[datetime]
 
+    @field_serializer('last_seen', 'first_seen', 'created_at', 'updated_at')
+    def _tz_serializers(self, dt: Optional[datetime]) -> Optional[str]:
+        return to_business_iso(dt)
+
     class Config:
         from_attributes = True
 
@@ -155,6 +174,13 @@ class ScanTask(BaseModel):
     error_message: Optional[str]
     created_at: datetime
 
+    @field_serializer(
+        'started_at', 'completed_at', 'created_at',
+        check_fields=None,
+    )
+    def _tz_serializers(self, dt: Optional[datetime]) -> Optional[str]:
+        return to_business_iso(dt)
+
     class Config:
         from_attributes = True
 

backend/app/services/alert_service.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+from sqlalchemy import func
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 import logging
 import json
@@ -11,6 +12,12 @@ from app.models.alert import (
 from app.models.network import Network, IPAddress
 from app.models.snmp import NetworkDevice, ARPEntry
 
+# 飞书告警通知（延迟导入避免循环依赖）
+def _get_feishu_service(db=None):
+    from app.services.feishu_service import get_feishu_service
+    return get_feishu_service(db)
+
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -69,6 +76,22 @@ class AlertService:
         db.refresh(alert)
 
         logger.info(f"创建告警: {alert_type} - {title}")
+
+        # 飞书告警通知（仅新创建的告警推送；existing 去重返回的不会走到这里，避免刷屏）
+        try:
+            _get_feishu_service(db).send_alert({
+                "alert_type": alert_type.value if hasattr(alert_type, "value") else str(alert_type),
+                "severity": severity.value if hasattr(severity, "value") else str(severity),
+                "title": title,
+                "message": message,
+                "ip_address_str": ip_address_str,
+                "mac_address": mac_address,
+                "conflicting_mac": conflicting_mac,
+                "usage_percent": usage_percent,
+            })
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"飞书告警通知失败（不影响告警创建）: {e}")
+
         return alert
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -80,7 +103,7 @@ class AlertService:
         subquery = db.query(
             ARPEntry.ip_address
         ).group_by(ARPEntry.ip_address).having(
-            db.func.count(db.func.distinct(ARPEntry.mac_address)) > 1
+            func.count(func.distinct(ARPEntry.mac_address)) > 1
         ).subquery()
 
         conflict_entries = db.query(ARPEntry).filter(

backend/app/services/enhanced_scan_service.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import socket
 import ipaddress
 import re
 import logging
+import os
 
 try:
     from mac_vendor_lookup import MacLookup, VendorNotFoundError
@@ -20,6 +21,40 @@ from app.core.config import settings
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# OUI 数据库文件路径（相对于项目根）
+_OUI_DB_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)), 'data', 'oui.txt')
+
+
+def _load_oui_database() -> Optional[Dict[str, str]]:
+    """从本地文件加载 OUI 数据库，返回 {prefix: vendor} 字典"""
+    if not os.path.exists(_OUI_DB_FILE):
+        logger.warning(f"OUI 数据库文件不存在: {_OUI_DB_FILE}")
+        return None
+    try:
+        db = {}
+        with open(_OUI_DB_FILE, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            for line in f:
+                line = line.strip()
+                if ':' in line:
+                    prefix, vendor = line.split(':', 1)
+                    db[prefix] = vendor
+        logger.info(f"已加载 OUI 数据库: {len(db)} 条记录, 文件: {_OUI_DB_FILE}")
+        return db
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"加载 OUI 数据库失败: {e}")
+        return None
+
+
+# 全局 OUI 数据库（延迟加载）
+_OUI_DB = None
+
+
+def _get_oui_db() -> Optional[Dict[str, str]]:
+    global _OUI_DB
+    if _OUI_DB is None:
+        _OUI_DB = _load_oui_database()
+    return _OUI_DB
+
 
 class EnhancedScanService:
     """增强扫描服务 - 包含ARP、DNS解析、MAC厂商识别、NetBIOS主机名发现"""
@@ -45,13 +80,23 @@ class EnhancedScanService:
         if len(mac) < 8:
             return None
 
-        # 使用 mac_vendor_lookup 库（IEEE OUI 官方数据库）
+        # 提取 OUI（前 6 位十六进制 = AA:BB:CC）
+        oui = mac[:8]  # "AA:BB:CC"
+
+        # 1️⃣ 优先使用本地 OUI 数据库（免网络、高性能）
+        db = _get_oui_db()
+        if db:
+            # 数据库 key 是 AABBCC 格式（无冒号）
+            oui_key = oui.replace(':', '')
+            vendor = db.get(oui_key)
+            if vendor:
+                return vendor
+
+        # 2️⃣ 回退：mac_vendor_lookup 在线库
         if MAC_LOOKUP_AVAILABLE:
             lookup = EnhancedScanService._get_mac_lookup()
             if lookup is not None:
                 try:
-                    # 提取 OUI（前 3 字节）
-                    oui = mac[:8]  # "AA:BB:CC"
                     vendor = lookup.lookup(oui)
                     if vendor:
                         return vendor
@@ -60,7 +105,7 @@ class EnhancedScanService:
                 except Exception:
                     pass
 
-        # 回退：硬编码常用厂商映射
+        # 3️⃣ 回退：硬编码常用厂商映射
         return EnhancedScanService._legacy_oui_lookup(mac)
 
     # 硬编码回退映射（mac_vendor_lookup 不可用时使用）
@@ -384,17 +429,7 @@ class EnhancedScanService:
 
         # 如果IP不存在，尝试自动创建
         if not db_ip:
-            network = db.query(Network).filter(
+            network = EnhancedScanService._find_network_for_ip(db, ip_address)
-                Network.cidr.op('@>')((ip_address + '/32').encode('utf-8'))
-            ).first()
-            if not network:
-                for net in db.query(Network).all():
-                    try:
-                        if ip_address in ipaddress.ip_network(net.cidr, strict=False):
-                            network = net
-                            break
-                    except Exception:
-                        pass
             if not network:
                 logger.warning(f"无法为扫描到的IP {ip_address} 找到所属网段，跳过创建")
                 return
@@ -436,6 +471,31 @@ class EnhancedScanService:
 
         return db_ip
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _find_network_for_ip(db: Session, ip_address: str) -> Optional[Network]:
+        """
+        查找 IP 所属的网段（兼容 MySQL，不使用 PostgreSQL 的 @> 操作符）。
+        优先按网段越大越精确匹配，无法精确匹配时返回包含该 IP 的最小/最合适网段。
+        """
+        try:
+            target = ipaddress.ip_address(ip_address)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+        best = None
+        best_prefix = -1
+        for net in db.query(Network).all():
+            try:
+                cidr = str(net.cidr)
+                net_obj = ipaddress.ip_network(cidr, strict=False)
+                if target in net_obj:
+                    # 取前缀最长的（网段最小、最精确）
+                    if net_obj.prefixlen > best_prefix:
+                        best = net
+                        best_prefix = net_obj.prefixlen
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+        return best
+
     @staticmethod
     def bulk_update_ips_from_scan(db: Session, scan_results: List[Dict[str, Any]]):
         """批量更新IP信息"""

backend/app/services/feishu_service.py

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+"""
+飞书机器人告警通知服务
+========================
+通过飞书自定义机器人 Webhook 推送告警通知，支持：
+- 卡片消息（interactive）
+- 可选签名校验（加签模式）
+- 按告警级别 / 类型过滤
+- 同步发送（带超时），失败自动记录日志
+"""
+from typing import Optional, Dict, Any, List
+from datetime import datetime
+import base64
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+import json
+import logging
+import time
+
+import httpx
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# 告警级别 → 颜色（飞书卡片 title 颜色）
+SEVERITY_COLORS = {
+    "critical": "red",
+    "error": "red",
+    "warning": "orange",
+    "info": "blue",
+}
+
+# 告警级别 → 中文
+SEVERITY_TEXTS = {
+    "critical": "严重",
+    "error": "错误",
+    "warning": "警告",
+    "info": "信息",
+}
+
+# 告警类型 → 中文
+ALERT_TYPE_TEXTS = {
+    "ip_conflict": "IP 地址冲突",
+    "unauthorized_access": "未授权设备接入",
+    "subnet_full": "网段容量不足",
+    "scan_failed": "扫描失败",
+    "device_offline": "设备离线",
+    "new_device_detected": "新设备发现",
+    "mac_changed": "MAC 地址变更",
+}
+
+# 告警级别优先级（用于 >= 最低级别过滤）
+_SEVERITY_ORDER = {"info": 0, "warning": 1, "error": 2, "critical": 3}
+
+
+def _apply_sign(timestamp: str, secret: str) -> str:
+    """飞书机器人签名校验：HMAC-SHA256(secret, timestamp + "\n" + secret)，结果 base64"""
+    string_to_sign = f"{timestamp}\n{secret}"
+    hmac_code = hmac.new(
+        secret.encode("utf-8"),
+        string_to_sign.encode("utf-8"),
+        digestmod=hashlib.sha256,
+    ).digest()
+    return base64.b64encode(hmac_code).decode("utf-8")
+
+
+def build_card(alert_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    """把告警数据构造成飞书卡片消息体（interactive）。"""
+    severity = str(alert_data.get("severity") or "warning").lower()
+    alert_type = str(alert_data.get("alert_type") or "unknown").lower()
+
+    color = SEVERITY_COLORS.get(severity, "blue")
+    severity_text = SEVERITY_TEXTS.get(severity, severity)
+    alert_type_text = ALERT_TYPE_TEXTS.get(alert_type, alert_type)
+
+    title = alert_data.get("title") or "IPAM 告警"
+    message = alert_data.get("message") or ""
+    now = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
+
+    # 组装字段（element），过滤空字段
+    fields = []
+    def add_field(tag_text, content_text):
+        if content_text:
+            fields.append({"is_short": False, "text": {"tag": "lark_md", "content": f"**{tag_text}：** {content_text}"}})
+
+    add_field("告警级别", f"<font color='{color}'><b>{severity_text}</b></font>")
+    add_field("告警类型", alert_type_text)
+    add_field("详细信息", message)
+    add_field("相关 IP", alert_data.get("ip_address_str"))
+    add_field("相关 MAC", alert_data.get("mac_address"))
+    add_field("冲突 MAC", alert_data.get("conflicting_mac"))
+    if alert_data.get("usage_percent") is not None:
+        add_field("网段使用率", f"{alert_data['usage_percent']}%")
+    add_field("告警时间", now)
+
+    card = {
+        "msg_type": "interactive",
+        "card": {
+            "config": {"wide_screen_mode": True},
+            "header": {
+                "title": {"tag": "plain_text", "content": f"⚠️ IPAM 告警 - {title}"},
+                "template": color,
+            },
+            "elements": [
+                {"tag": "div", "fields": fields},
+                {
+                    "tag": "note",
+                    "elements": [
+                        {"tag": "plain_text", "content": f"本消息由 IPAM 地址管理系统自动发送 · {now}"}
+                    ],
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+    }
+    return json.dumps(card, ensure_ascii=False)
+
+
+class FeishuService:
+    """飞书机器人告警推送服务"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        webhook_url: str = "",
+        secret: str = "",
+        enabled: bool = True,
+        min_severity: str = "warning",
+        alert_types: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    ):
+        self.webhook_url = webhook_url
+        self.secret = secret
+        self.enabled = enabled
+        self.min_severity = min_severity
+        self.alert_types = alert_types or []
+        self._client = httpx.Client(timeout=8.0)
+
+    def is_configured(self) -> bool:
+        """是否已配置 webhook 地址且开关打开"""
+        return bool(self.enabled and self.webhook_url)
+
+    def should_push(self, severity: str, alert_type: str = "") -> bool:
+        """按最低级别 + 类型白名单判断是否应推送"""
+        if not self.is_configured():
+            return False
+        # 级别过滤
+        sev = (severity or "warning").lower()
+        if _SEVERITY_ORDER.get(sev, 1) < _SEVERITY_ORDER.get(self.min_severity, 1):
+            return False
+        # 类型白名单（空 = 全部推送）
+        if self.alert_types and alert_type and alert_type not in self.alert_types:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def _build_headers(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """构造签名头（若配置了 secret）"""
+        headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8"}
+        if self.secret:
+            timestamp = str(round(time.time()))
+            sign = _apply_sign(timestamp, self.secret)
+            headers["X-Lark-Sign"] = sign
+            headers["X-Lark-Timestamp"] = timestamp
+        return headers
+
+    def send_card(self, card_payload: str) -> bool:
+        """发送飞书消息（card_payload 为 build_card 构造的 JSON 字符串）"""
+        if not self.is_configured():
+            logger.warning("飞书通知未启用或未配置 webhook，已跳过")
+            return False
+        try:
+            headers = self._build_headers()
+            resp = self._client.post(self.webhook_url, content=card_payload.encode("utf-8"), headers=headers)
+            try:
+                data = resp.json()
+            except Exception:
+                data = {"msg": resp.text}
+            # 飞书返回 code=0 表示成功
+            if resp.status_code == 200 and data.get("code") == 0:
+                logger.info(f"飞书通知发送成功: {data.get('msg', 'ok')}")
+                return True
+            logger.error(f"飞书通知发送失败: HTTP {resp.status_code} body={data}")
+            return False
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"飞书通知发送异常: {str(e)}", exc_info=True)
+            return False
+
+    def send_alert(self, alert_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        """发送一条告警通知（自动判断是否应推送）"""
+        severity = str(alert_data.get("severity") or "warning").lower()
+        alert_type = str(alert_data.get("alert_type") or "unknown").lower()
+        if not self.should_push(severity, alert_type):
+            logger.debug(f"告警 {severity}/{alert_type} 低于推送门槛或不在白名单，跳过")
+            return False
+        card = build_card(alert_data)
+        return self.send_card(card)
+
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._client:
+            self._client.close()
+
+
+# 全局单例
+_service: Optional[FeishuService] = None
+
+
+def _build_from_values(webhook_url="", secret="", enabled=False,
+                       min_severity="warning", alert_types_str="") -> FeishuService:
+    """用一组值构造 FeishuService（api 层用）"""
+    if _service is not None:
+        # 热更新：复用同一实例，更新内部配置
+        _service.webhook_url = webhook_url
+        _service.secret = secret
+        _service.enabled = bool(enabled)
+        _service.min_severity = min_severity or "warning"
+        _service.alert_types = [t.strip() for t in (alert_types_str or "").split(",") if t.strip()]
+        return _service
+    return FeishuService(
+        webhook_url=webhook_url,
+        secret=secret,
+        enabled=bool(enabled),
+        min_severity=min_severity or "warning",
+        alert_types=[t.strip() for t in (alert_types_str or "").split(",") if t.strip()],
+    )
+
+
+def get_feishu_service(db=None) -> FeishuService:
+    """获取（缓存的）飞书服务实例。
+    优先从数据库 notification_config 读取配置（Web 界面可热更新）；
+    若无数据库配置则回退到 .env / settings 默认值。
+    """
+    global _service
+
+    # 优先从数据库加载（Web 配置优先）
+    try:
+        if db is not None:
+            from app.models.notification import NotificationConfig
+            row = db.query(NotificationConfig).filter(NotificationConfig.id == 1).first()
+            if row is not None:
+                return _build_from_values(
+                    webhook_url=row.feishu_webhook_url or "",
+                    secret=row.feishu_secret or "",
+                    enabled=row.feishu_enabled or False,
+                    min_severity=row.feishu_min_severity or "warning",
+                    alert_types_str=row.feishu_alert_types or "",
+                )
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.warning(f"从数据库读取飞书配置失败，回退 .env: {e}")
+
+    # 回退到 settings（.env）
+    if _service is None:
+        try:
+            from app.core.config import settings
+            _service = _build_from_values(
+                webhook_url=settings.FEISHU_WEBHOOK_URL,
+                secret=settings.FEISHU_SECRET,
+                enabled=settings.FEISHU_ENABLED,
+                min_severity=settings.FEISHU_MIN_SEVERITY or "warning",
+                alert_types_str=settings.FEISHU_ALERT_TYPES or "",
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"初始化飞书服务失败: {e}")
+            _service = FeishuService()
+    return _service
+
+
+def reload_feishu_service(db) -> FeishuService:
+    """强制从数据库重新加载飞书配置（Web 界面保存配置后调用）"""
+    global _service
+    from app.models.notification import NotificationConfig
+    row = db.query(NotificationConfig).filter(NotificationConfig.id == 1).first()
+    if row is None:
+        row = NotificationConfig.get_singleton(db)
+    svc = _build_from_values(
+        webhook_url=row.feishu_webhook_url or "",
+        secret=row.feishu_secret or "",
+        enabled=row.feishu_enabled or False,
+        min_severity=row.feishu_min_severity or "warning",
+        alert_types_str=row.feishu_alert_types or "",
+    )
+    global _service
+    _service = svc
+    return svc
+
+
+def send_alert_notification(alert_data: Dict[str, Any], db=None) -> bool:
+    """便捷函数：发送一条告警通知"""
+    return get_feishu_service(db).send_alert(alert_data)

backend/app/services/network_service.py

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ class NetworkService:
 
     @staticmethod
     def calculate_total_ips(cidr: str) -> int:
-        """计算网段的总IP数量"""
+        """计算网段中实际分配的IP数量（排除网络地址和广播地址）"""
         network = ipaddress.ip_network(cidr, strict=False)
-        return network.num_addresses
+        return network.num_addresses - 2 if network.num_addresses > 2 else network.num_addresses
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_network_addresses(cidr: str) -> List[str]:

backend/app/services/snmp_service.py

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 from datetime import datetime
 import ipaddress
 import logging
+import asyncio
 
-from pysnmp.hlapi import (
+from pysnmp.hlapi.asyncio import (
     SnmpEngine, CommunityData, UsmUserData,
     UdpTransportTarget, ContextData,
     ObjectType, ObjectIdentity,
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ class SNMPService:
         return None
 
     @staticmethod
-    def test_connection(device: NetworkDevice, credential: SNMPCredential) -> Tuple[bool, Dict[str, Any]]:
+    async def test_connection(device: NetworkDevice, credential: SNMPCredential) -> Tuple[bool, Dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         测试 SNMP 连接
         返回: (成功, 设备信息字典)
@@ -131,11 +132,11 @@ class SNMPService:
                 retries=credential.retries
             )
 
-            errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBinds = next(
+            errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBinds = await getCmd(
-                getCmd(SnmpEngine(), auth_data, transport, ContextData(),
+                SnmpEngine(), auth_data, transport, ContextData(),
                 ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(SNMPService.OID_SYS_DESCR)),
                 ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(SNMPService.OID_SYS_NAME)),
-                       ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(SNMPService.OID_SYS_LOCATION)))
+                ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(SNMPService.OID_SYS_LOCATION))
             )
 
             if errorIndication:
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ class SNMPService:
             return False, {'error': str(e)}
 
     @staticmethod
-    def get_arp_table(device: NetworkDevice, credential: SNMPCredential, db: Session) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    async def get_arp_table(device: NetworkDevice, credential: SNMPCredential, db: Session) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         获取 ARP 表 (IP -> MAC 映射)
         """
@@ -178,22 +179,21 @@ class SNMPService:
             )
 
             # 使用 bulkCmd 获取 ARP 表
-            for errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBinds in bulkCmd(
+            errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBindTable = await bulkCmd(
                 SnmpEngine(), auth_data, transport, ContextData(),
                 0, 50,  # nonRepeaters, maxRepetitions
                 ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(SNMPService.OID_IP_NET_TO_MEDIA_PHYS_ADDRESS)),
                 ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(SNMPService.OID_IP_NET_TO_MEDIA_NET_ADDRESS)),
                 ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(SNMPService.OID_IP_NET_TO_MEDIA_IF_INDEX)),
                 lexicographicMode=False
-            ):
+            )
             if errorIndication:
                 logger.error(f"SNMP 错误: {errorIndication}")
-                    break
+            elif errorStatus:
-
-                if errorStatus:
                 logger.error(f"SNMP 错误: {errorStatus}")
-                    break
+            else:
-
+                # varBindTable 是列表的列表，每行是一条 SNMP 响应记录
+                for varBinds in varBindTable:
                     # 解析结果
                     arp_data = {}
                     for varBind in varBinds:
@@ -258,16 +258,18 @@ class SNMPService:
 
             db.commit()
 
-            # 更新 IP 资产台账中的 MAC 地址
+            # 更新 IP 资产台账中的 MAC 地址和厂商信息
             for entry in arp_entries:
                 from app.models.network import IPAddress as IPAddressModel
                 ip_addr = db.query(IPAddressModel).filter(
                     IPAddressModel.ip_address == entry['ip_address']
                 ).first()
-                if ip_addr and not ip_addr.mac_address:
+                if ip_addr:
+                    if not ip_addr.mac_address:
                         ip_addr.mac_address = entry['mac_address']
-                    # 识别厂商
+                    # 始终尝试补全厂商（有 MAC 但没厂商时也需要）
-                    ip_addr.vendor = EnhancedScanService.get_mac_vendor(entry['mac_address'])
+                    if not ip_addr.vendor and ip_addr.mac_address:
+                        ip_addr.vendor = EnhancedScanService.get_mac_vendor(ip_addr.mac_address)
 
             db.commit()
             device.last_successful_poll = now
@@ -281,7 +283,7 @@ class SNMPService:
         return arp_entries
 
     @staticmethod
-    def get_mac_address_table(device: NetworkDevice, credential: SNMPCredential, db: Session, vlan_id: Optional[int] = None) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    async def get_mac_address_table(device: NetworkDevice, credential: SNMPCredential, db: Session, vlan_id: Optional[int] = None) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         获取 MAC 地址表 (MAC -> 端口 映射)
         """
@@ -297,19 +299,19 @@ class SNMPService:
             )
 
             # 获取 MAC 地址表
-            for errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBinds in bulkCmd(
+            errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBindTable = await bulkCmd(
                 SnmpEngine(), auth_data, transport, ContextData(),
                 0, 100,
                 ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(SNMPService.OID_DOT1D_TP_FDB_PORT)),
                 ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(SNMPService.OID_DOT1D_TP_FDB_STATUS)),
                 lexicographicMode=False
-            ):
+            )
             if errorIndication:
-                    break
+                logger.error(f"获取 MAC 地址表失败: {errorIndication}")
-
+            elif errorStatus:
-                if errorStatus:
+                logger.error(f"获取 MAC 地址表失败: {errorStatus}")
-                    break
+            else:
-
+                for varBinds in varBindTable:
                     for varBind in varBinds:
                         oid = str(varBind[0])
                         value = varBind[1]
@@ -361,7 +363,7 @@ class SNMPService:
         return mac_entries
 
     @staticmethod
-    def get_interfaces(device: NetworkDevice, credential: SNMPCredential, db: Session) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    async def get_interfaces(device: NetworkDevice, credential: SNMPCredential, db: Session) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         获取设备接口信息
         """
@@ -379,7 +381,7 @@ class SNMPService:
             # 获取接口信息
             interface_data = {}
 
-            for errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBinds in bulkCmd(
+            errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBindTable = await bulkCmd(
                 SnmpEngine(), auth_data, transport, ContextData(),
                 0, 100,
                 ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(SNMPService.OID_IF_DESCR)),
@@ -390,10 +392,9 @@ class SNMPService:
                 ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(SNMPService.OID_IF_ADMIN_STATUS)),
                 ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(SNMPService.OID_IF_OPER_STATUS)),
                 lexicographicMode=False
-            ):
+            )
-                if errorIndication or errorStatus:
+            if not errorIndication and not errorStatus:
-                    break
+                for varBinds in varBindTable:
-
                     for varBind in varBinds:
                         oid = str(varBind[0])
                         value = varBind[1]
@@ -485,7 +486,7 @@ class SNMPService:
         return device
 
     @staticmethod
-    def poll_device(db: Session, device_id: int) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    async def poll_device(db: Session, device_id: int) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """轮询设备，获取所有信息"""
         device = db.query(NetworkDevice).filter(NetworkDevice.id == device_id).first()
         if not device:
@@ -505,17 +506,17 @@ class SNMPService:
         }
 
         # 获取 ARP 表
-        arp_entries = SNMPService.get_arp_table(device, credential, db)
+        arp_entries = await SNMPService.get_arp_table(device, credential, db)
         result['arp_entries'] = arp_entries
         result['arp_count'] = len(arp_entries)
 
         # 获取 MAC 地址表
-        mac_entries = SNMPService.get_mac_address_table(device, credential, db)
+        mac_entries = await SNMPService.get_mac_address_table(device, credential, db)
         result['mac_entries'] = mac_entries
         result['mac_count'] = len(mac_entries)
 
         # 获取接口信息
-        interfaces = SNMPService.get_interfaces(device, credential, db)
+        interfaces = await SNMPService.get_interfaces(device, credential, db)
         result['interfaces'] = interfaces
         result['interface_count'] = len(interfaces)
 

backend/app/tasks/celery_app.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ scan_single_ip_task = _tasks['scan_single_ip_task']
 full_network_scan = _tasks['full_network_scan']
 update_all_statistics = _tasks['update_all_statistics']
 quick_status_update = _tasks['quick_status_update']
+poll_snmp_devices = _tasks['poll_snmp_devices']
 
 # 定时任务配置
 celery_app.conf.beat_schedule = {
@@ -52,4 +53,9 @@ celery_app.conf.beat_schedule = {
         'task': 'app.tasks.scan_tasks.update_all_statistics',
         'schedule': 900.0,  # 15分钟
     },
+    # 每60秒检查一次 SNMP 设备轮询（各设备按自己的 poll_interval 判断是否到期）
+    'poll-snmp-devices-every-60s': {
+        'task': 'app.tasks.scan_tasks.poll_snmp_devices',
+        'schedule': 60.0,
+    },
 }

backend/app/tasks/scan_tasks.py

@@ -212,11 +212,75 @@ def register_tasks(celery_app):
         finally:
             db.close()
 
+    @celery_app.task(bind=True)
+    def poll_snmp_devices(self):
+        """
+        定时任务：自动轮询所有活跃且配置了 SNMP 凭据的网络设备。
+
+        每个设备按自己的 arp/mac/interface_poll_interval（秒）判断是否到达
+        轮询间隔，到期才执行 SNMPService.poll_device（采集 ARP 表、MAC 地址
+        表、接口信息）。由 Celery Beat 每 60 秒触发一次检查。
+        """
+        import asyncio
+        from datetime import datetime
+
+        from app.models.snmp import NetworkDevice
+        from app.services.snmp_service import SNMPService
+
+        db = SessionLocal()
+        try:
+            devices = db.query(NetworkDevice).filter(
+                NetworkDevice.is_active == True,
+                NetworkDevice.snmp_credential_id.isnot(None),
+            ).all()
+
+            now = datetime.utcnow()
+
+            def _as_naive(dt):
+                """把 aware/naive datetime 统一转 naive（本地比较用）"""
+                if dt is None:
+                    return None
+                if dt.tzinfo is not None:
+                    return dt.replace(tzinfo=None)
+                return dt
+
+            polled, skipped = 0, 0
+            for dev in devices:
+                # 取三种采集间隔的最小值作为该设备的轮询周期
+                intervals = [
+                    dev.arp_poll_interval,
+                    dev.mac_poll_interval,
+                    dev.interface_poll_interval,
+                ]
+                interval = min([i for i in intervals if i], default=300)
+
+                last = _as_naive(dev.last_polled_at)
+                if last is not None:
+                    elapsed = (now - last).total_seconds()
+                    if elapsed < interval:
+                        skipped += 1
+                        continue
+
+                try:
+                    # poll_device 是 async 函数，用 asyncio.run 在同步任务中执行
+                    asyncio.run(SNMPService.poll_device(db, dev.id))
+                    polled += 1
+                    logger.info(f"SNMP 自动轮询完成: {dev.name} ({dev.ip_address})")
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(f"SNMP 自动轮询失败 {dev.name} ({dev.ip_address}): {e}", exc_info=True)
+
+            logger.info(f"SNMP 自动轮询检查完成: 设备总数 {len(devices)}, 本轮轮询 {polled}, 未到期跳过 {skipped}")
+            return {'status': 'completed', 'total': len(devices), 'polled': polled, 'skipped': skipped}
+        finally:
+            db.close()
+
     # 返回任务函数供外部使用
     return {
         'scan_network_task': scan_network_task,
         'scan_single_ip_task': scan_single_ip_task,
         'full_network_scan': full_network_scan,
         'update_all_statistics': update_all_statistics,
-        'quick_status_update': quick_status_update
+        'quick_status_update': quick_status_update,
+        'poll_snmp_devices': poll_snmp_devices,
     }
+

backend/requirements.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# Python 3.10+ 兼容版本
 fastapi==0.110.0
 uvicorn[standard]==0.27.1
 sqlalchemy==2.0.28
@@ -9,8 +10,18 @@ celery==5.3.6
 redis==5.0.3
 python-multipart==0.0.9
 alembic==1.13.1
-pysnmp==7.1.15
+# 注意: pysnmp 7.x 与 Python 3.10+/asyncio 存在兼容性问题
+# 使用 lextudio 维护的分支（向后兼容，支持 Python 3.6+）
+pysnmp-lextudio==5.0.31
+# pyasn1 0.5.0+ 移除了 compat.octets 模块，与 pysnmp 不兼容
+pyasn1==0.4.8
+pyasn1-modules==0.2.8
 scapy==2.5.0
 python-dotenv==1.0.1
 passlib[bcrypt]==1.7.4
 httpx==0.27.0
+# python-jose 3.5.0 需要 pyasn1>=0.5.0，与 pysnmp 冲突
+python-jose[cryptography]==3.3.0
+bcrypt==3.2.2
+# typing-extensions 提供 Python 3.10+ 的向后兼容支持
+typing-extensions>=4.5.0

backend/scripts/fix_network_total_ips.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""
+修复已有网段的 total_ips 字段：将 num_addresses 改为 hosts 数量（排除网络地址和广播地址）
+
+用法: cd /root/ipam/backend && source venv/bin/activate && python scripts/fix_network_total_ips.py
+"""
+import sys
+import os
+
+# 确保能找到 app 模块
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+from app.core.database import SessionLocal
+from app.models.network import Network
+from app.services.network_service import NetworkService
+
+
+def fix_total_ips():
+    db = SessionLocal()
+    try:
+        networks = db.query(Network).all()
+        fixed = 0
+        for net in networks:
+            correct = NetworkService.calculate_total_ips(net.cidr)
+            actual_hosts = len(list(NetworkService.get_network_addresses(net.cidr)))
+            if net.total_ips != correct:
+                print(f"  [{net.cidr:20s}] {net.total_ips:>5} -> {correct:>5}  (hosts={actual_hosts})")
+                net.total_ips = correct
+                fixed += 1
+        db.commit()
+        print(f"\n✅ 已修复 {fixed} 个网段")
+    except Exception as e:
+        db.rollback()
+        print(f"❌ 错误: {e}")
+    finally:
+        db.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    fix_total_ips()

frontend/package.json

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
   "version": "0.0.0",
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
-    "dev": "vite",
+    "dev": "node node_modules/vite/bin/vite.js",
-    "build": "vite build",
+    "dev:clean": "rm -rf node_modules/.vite && node node_modules/vite/bin/vite.js --force",
-    "preview": "vite preview"
+    "build": "node node_modules/vite/bin/vite.js build",
+    "preview": "node node_modules/vite/bin/vite.js preview"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@element-plus/icons-vue": "^2.3.2",

frontend/src/api/index.js

@@ -131,6 +131,19 @@ export const alertApi = {
   },
   removeFromWhitelist(id) {
     return api.delete(`/alerts/whitelist/macs/${id}`)
+  },
+  // 飞书通知配置
+  getFeishuConfig() {
+    return api.get('/alerts/notify/feishu/config')
+  },
+  saveFeishuConfig(data) {
+    return api.put('/alerts/notify/feishu/config', {}, { params: data })
+  },
+  getFeishuStatus() {
+    return api.get('/alerts/notify/feishu/status')
+  },
+  testFeishu() {
+    return api.post('/alerts/notify/feishu/test')
   }
 }
 

frontend/src/utils/datetime.js

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/**
+ * 统一时间格式化工具
+ *
+ * 背景：后端用 datetime.utcnow() 写入 UTC naive datetime。
+ * 修复后端后，schema 输出会带 +08:00 或 Z（Asia/Shanghai 或 UTC）时区标签。
+ * 本 helper：
+ *   1. 收到的字符串如果带时区标签（Z 或 +HH:MM），按字面解析
+ *   2. 如果无时区标签，假定为 UTC 解析（兼容老 endpoint 内联 dict 序列化）
+ *   3. 转 Asia/Shanghai (+08:00) 显示
+ *   4. 显示成 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' 字符串
+ */
+
+const BUSINESS_TZ = 'Asia/Shanghai'
+
+export function parseToBusiness (input) {
+  if (input == null || input === '') return null
+  let d
+  if (input instanceof Date) {
+    d = input
+  } else if (typeof input === 'number') {
+    d = new Date(input)
+  } else {
+    // 字符串：优先按 ISO 解析（含 Z / +HH:MM 则按对应时区）
+    // JS 原生 new Date() 对 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'（无 T，无时区）按本地时区解析，
+    // 对 'YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ' 等标准 ISO 8601 则按 UTC 解析。
+    const s = String(input).trim()
+    // 后端 schema 修复后输出 'YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+08:00'（aware），
+    // 老 endpoint 内联 dict 输出 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'（naive UTC）。
+    // JS Date 无法区分后者的'naive UTC'和'naive 本地时间'。
+    // 但本项目所有 datetime 后端都是 datetime.utcnow() 写的，
+    // 所以 naive 也按 UTC 处理。
+    d = new Date(s.includes('T') ? s : s.replace(' ', 'T') + 'Z')
+  }
+  if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null
+  return d
+}
+
+/**
+ * 把任意 datetime 输入格式化成 Asia/Shanghai 时区的 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'。
+ * 不做时区转换的纯字符串渲染请用 formatUtc。
+ */
+export function formatDateTime (input) {
+  if (input == null || input === '') return '-'
+  const d = parseToBusiness(input)
+  if (!d) return '-'
+  const opts = {
+    timeZone: BUSINESS_TZ,
+    year: 'numeric', month: '2-digit', day: '2-digit',
+    hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit', second: '2-digit',
+    hour12: false,
+  }
+  try {
+    return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('zh-CN', opts).format(d)
+      // zh-CN 格式默认是 "2026/07/23 14:31:19"，替换成 "2026-07-23 14:31:19"
+      .replace(/\//g, '-')
+  } catch {
+    // 浏览器不支持 Intl 时区时回退：用本地时区手动格式化
+    return formatLocal(d)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 仅显示日期 'YYYY-MM-DD'。
+ */
+export function formatDate (input) {
+  if (input == null || input === '') return '-'
+  const d = parseToBusiness(input)
+  if (!d) return '-'
+  try {
+    return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('zh-CN', {
+      timeZone: BUSINESS_TZ,
+      year: 'numeric', month: '2-digit', day: '2-digit',
+    }).format(d).replace(/\//g, '-')
+  } catch {
+    return formatLocal(d).substring(0, 10)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 仅显示时间 'HH:MM' 或 'HH:MM:SS'（带 seconds 参数控制）。
+ */
+export function formatTime (input, { seconds = false } = {}) {
+  if (input == null || input === '') return '-'
+  const d = parseToBusiness(input)
+  if (!d) return '-'
+  const opts = {
+    timeZone: BUSINESS_TZ,
+    hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit', hour12: false,
+  }
+  if (seconds) opts.second = '2-digit'
+  try {
+    return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('zh-CN', opts).format(d)
+  } catch {
+    return formatLocal(d).substring(11)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 用户友好的相对时间描述（"3 分钟前"）。
+ */
+export function formatRelative (input) {
+  if (input == null || input === '') return '-'
+  const d = parseToBusiness(input)
+  if (!d) return '-'
+  const diff = (Date.now() - d.getTime()) / 1000
+  if (diff < 60) return '刚刚'
+  if (diff < 3600) return `${Math.floor(diff / 60)} 分钟前`
+  if (diff < 86400) return `${Math.floor(diff / 3600)} 小时前`
+  if (diff < 604800) return `${Math.floor(diff / 86400)} 天前`
+  return formatDateTime(input)
+}
+
+// 内部：浏览器不支持时区时回退到本地格式化（业务时区手动转）
+function formatLocal (d) {
+  // 用本地方法拿到 YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS（按浏览器本地时区，可能错 8 小时但作为兜底）
+  const pad = n => String(n).padStart(2, '0')
+  const y = d.getFullYear()
+  const mo = pad(d.getMonth() + 1)
+  const da = pad(d.getDate())
+  const h = pad(d.getHours())
+  const mi = pad(d.getMinutes())
+  const s = pad(d.getSeconds())
+  return `${y}-${mo}-${da} ${h}:${mi}:${s}`
+}

frontend/src/views/Alerts.vue

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
               <el-icon><Check /></el-icon>
               全部确认
             </el-button>
+            <el-button @click="openFeishuDialog">
+              <el-icon><ChatDotRound /></el-icon>
+              飞书通知设置
+            </el-button>
           </el-button-group>
         </div>
       </template>
@@ -141,7 +145,7 @@
         </el-table-column>
         <el-table-column prop="created_at" label="时间" width="180">
           <template #default="scope">
-            {{ formatDate(scope.row.created_at) }}
+            {{ formatDateTime(scope.row.created_at) }}
           </template>
         </el-table-column>
         <el-table-column label="操作" width="200" align="center" fixed="right">
@@ -194,7 +198,7 @@
         <el-table-column prop="owner" label="所有者" width="120" />
         <el-table-column prop="created_at" label="添加时间" width="180">
           <template #default="scope">
-            {{ formatDate(scope.row.created_at) }}
+            {{ formatDateTime(scope.row.created_at) }}
           </template>
         </el-table-column>
         <el-table-column label="操作" width="100" align="center">
@@ -231,6 +235,47 @@
         <el-button type="primary" @click="addToWhitelist" :loading="submitting">确定</el-button>
       </template>
     </el-dialog>
+
+    <!-- 飞书通知设置弹窗 -->
+    <el-dialog v-model="feishuDialogVisible" title="飞书通知设置" width="560px">
+      <el-alert type="info" :closable="false" style="margin-bottom: 16px"
+        title="在飞书群添加「自定义机器人」，将 Webhook 地址填入下方即可。开启后，检测到新告警会自动推送到飞书群。"
+        show-icon />
+      <el-form label-width="110px" label-position="left">
+        <el-form-item label="启用通知">
+          <el-switch v-model="feishuForm.feishu_enabled" active-text="开启" inactive-text="关闭" />
+        </el-form-item>
+        <el-form-item label="Webhook 地址">
+          <el-input v-model="feishuForm.feishu_webhook_url" placeholder="https://open.feishu.cn/open-apis/bot/v2/hook/xxxx" />
+        </el-form-item>
+        <el-form-item label="签名密钥">
+          <el-input v-model="feishuForm.feishu_secret" show-password
+            :placeholder="feishuForm.feishu_secret_set ? '已设置（留空则不修改）' : '机器人开启签名校验时填写'" />
+          <div class="form-tip">机器人开启「签名校验」时必填；未开启留空即可</div>
+        </el-form-item>
+        <el-form-item label="最低级别">
+          <el-select v-model="feishuForm.feishu_min_severity" style="width: 200px">
+            <el-option label="全部 (info起)" value="info" />
+            <el-option label="警告及以上" value="warning" />
+            <el-option label="错误及以上" value="error" />
+            <el-option label="仅严重" value="critical" />
+          </el-select>
+          <div class="form-tip">仅推送大于等于所选级别的告警</div>
+        </el-form-item>
+        <el-form-item label="类型白名单">
+          <el-input v-model="feishuForm.feishu_alert_types" placeholder="留空=全部推送；如 ip_conflict,device_offline" />
+          <div class="form-tip">逗号分隔告警类型，留空则推送全部类型</div>
+        </el-form-item>
+      </el-form>
+      <div style="color: #909399; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 8px;">
+        配置保存后立即生效，无需重启服务。
+      </div>
+      <template #footer>
+        <el-button @click="feishuDialogVisible = false">关闭</el-button>
+        <el-button @click="testFeishu" :loading="testing">发送测试</el-button>
+        <el-button type="primary" @click="saveFeishuConfig" :loading="savingFeishu">保存配置</el-button>
+      </template>
+    </el-dialog>
   </div>
 </template>
 
@@ -238,6 +283,7 @@
 import { ref, reactive, onMounted } from 'vue'
 import { ElMessage, ElMessageBox } from 'element-plus'
 import { alertApi } from '@/api'
+import { formatDateTime, formatDate, formatRelative } from '@/utils/datetime'
 
 const loading = ref(false)
 const detecting = ref(false)
@@ -460,9 +506,67 @@ const getAlertTypeText = (type) => {
   return texts[type] || type
 }
 
-const formatDate = (date) => {
+// 旧 formatDate 已由 @/utils/datetime 统一替代
-  if (!date) return '-'
+
-  return new Date(date).toLocaleString('zh-CN')
+// ---- 飞书通知配置 ----
+const feishuDialogVisible = ref(false)
+const savingFeishu = ref(false)
+const testing = ref(false)
+const feishuForm = reactive({
+  feishu_enabled: false,
+  feishu_webhook_url: '',
+  feishu_secret: '',
+  feishu_secret_set: false,
+  feishu_min_severity: 'warning',
+  feishu_alert_types: ''
+})
+
+const openFeishuDialog = async () => {
+  feishuDialogVisible.value = true
+  try {
+    const cfg = await alertApi.getFeishuConfig()
+    feishuForm.feishu_enabled = !!cfg.feishu_enabled
+    feishuForm.feishu_webhook_url = cfg.feishu_webhook_url || ''
+    feishuForm.feishu_secret = ''
+    feishuForm.feishu_secret_set = !!cfg.feishu_secret_set
+    feishuForm.feishu_min_severity = cfg.feishu_min_severity || 'warning'
+    feishuForm.feishu_alert_types = cfg.feishu_alert_types || ''
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error('加载飞书配置失败')
+  }
+}
+
+const saveFeishuConfig = async () => {
+  savingFeishu.value = true
+  try {
+    const params = {
+      feishu_enabled: feishuForm.feishu_enabled,
+      feishu_webhook_url: feishuForm.feishu_webhook_url,
+      feishu_secret: feishuForm.feishu_secret,
+      feishu_min_severity: feishuForm.feishu_min_severity,
+      feishu_alert_types: feishuForm.feishu_alert_types
+    }
+    const res = await alertApi.saveFeishuConfig(params)
+    ElMessage.success(res.message || '飞书配置已保存')
+    feishuForm.feishu_secret = ''
+    feishuForm.feishu_secret_set = true
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error('保存飞书配置失败')
+  } finally {
+    savingFeishu.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+const testFeishu = async () => {
+  testing.value = true
+  try {
+    const res = await alertApi.testFeishu()
+    ElMessage.success(res.message || '测试通知已发送')
+  } catch (error) {
+    ElMessage.error(error?.response?.data?.detail || '发送测试失败，请检查配置')
+  } finally {
+    testing.value = false
+  }
 }
 
 onMounted(() => {

frontend/src/views/IPs.vue

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
         </el-table-column>
         <el-table-column prop="last_seen" label="最后发现" width="170">
           <template #default="scope">
-            {{ scope.row.last_seen ? formatDate(scope.row.last_seen) : '-' }}
+            {{ scope.row.last_seen ? formatDateTime(scope.row.last_seen) : '-' }}
           </template>
         </el-table-column>
         <el-table-column label="操作" width="180" align="center" fixed="right">
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ import { ref, reactive, onMounted, computed } from 'vue'
 import { useRoute } from 'vue-router'
 import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'
 import { ipApi, networkApi, scanApi } from '@/api'
+import { formatDateTime, formatDate, formatRelative } from '@/utils/datetime'
 
 const route = useRoute()
 
@@ -350,10 +351,7 @@ const getStatusText = (status) => {
   return texts[status] || status
 }
 
-const formatDate = (date) => {
+// 旧 formatDate 已由 @/utils/datetime 统一替代
-  if (!date) return '-'
-  return new Date(date).toLocaleString('zh-CN')
-}
 
 onMounted(() => {
   loadNetworks()

frontend/src/views/Networks.vue

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
         </el-table-column>
         <el-table-column prop="created_at" label="创建时间" width="180">
           <template #default="scope">
-            {{ formatDate(scope.row.created_at) }}
+            {{ formatDateTime(scope.row.created_at) }}
           </template>
         </el-table-column>
         <el-table-column label="操作" width="280" align="center" fixed="right">
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ import { ref, reactive, onMounted } from 'vue'
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
 import { ElMessage, ElMessageBox } from 'element-plus'
 import { networkApi, scanApi } from '@/api'
+import { formatDateTime, formatDate } from '@/utils/datetime'
 
 const router = useRouter()
 
@@ -304,10 +305,7 @@ const getGroupTagType = (group) => {
   return types[group] || 'info'
 }
 
-const formatDate = (date) => {
+// 旧 formatDate 已由 @/utils/datetime 统一替代
-  if (!date) return '-'
-  return new Date(date).toLocaleString('zh-CN')
-}
 
 onMounted(() => {
   loadNetworks()

frontend/src/views/SNMP.vue

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
             </el-table-column>
             <el-table-column prop="last_polled_at" label="最后轮询" width="180">
               <template #default="scope">
-                {{ scope.row.last_polled_at ? formatDate(scope.row.last_polled_at) : '-' }}
+                {{ scope.row.last_polled_at ? formatDateTime(scope.row.last_polled_at) : '-' }}
               </template>
             </el-table-column>
             <el-table-column label="操作" width="300" align="center" fixed="right">
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
             <el-table-column prop="retries" label="重试次数" width="100" align="center" />
             <el-table-column prop="created_at" label="创建时间" width="180">
               <template #default="scope">
-                {{ formatDate(scope.row.created_at) }}
+                {{ formatDateTime(scope.row.created_at) }}
               </template>
             </el-table-column>
             <el-table-column label="操作" width="150" align="center" fixed="right">
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@
             <el-table-column prop="interface" label="接口" width="120" />
             <el-table-column prop="last_seen" label="最后发现" width="180">
               <template #default="scope">
-                {{ formatDate(scope.row.last_seen) }}
+                {{ formatDateTime(scope.row.last_seen) }}
               </template>
             </el-table-column>
           </el-table>
@@ -275,6 +275,7 @@
 import { ref, reactive, onMounted } from 'vue'
 import { ElMessage, ElMessageBox } from 'element-plus'
 import { snmpApi } from '@/api'
+import { formatDateTime, formatDate, formatRelative } from '@/utils/datetime'
 
 const activeTab = ref('devices')
 const loading = ref(false)
@@ -397,7 +398,13 @@ const saveDevice = async () => {
   submitting.value = true
   try {
     if (isDeviceEdit.value) {
-      await snmpApi.updateDevice(deviceForm.id, deviceForm)
+      // 处理清除凭据：snmp_credential_id=null 时发送 clear_snmp_credential=true
+      const updateData = { ...deviceForm }
+      if (updateData.snmp_credential_id === null) {
+        delete updateData.snmp_credential_id
+        updateData.clear_snmp_credential = true
+      }
+      await snmpApi.updateDevice(deviceForm.id, updateData)
       ElMessage.success('更新成功')
     } else {
       await snmpApi.createDevice(deviceForm)
@@ -530,10 +537,7 @@ const deleteCredential = async (id) => {
   }
 }
 
-const formatDate = (date) => {
+// 旧 formatDate 已由 @/utils/datetime 统一替代
-  if (!date) return '-'
-  return new Date(date).toLocaleString('zh-CN')
-}
 
 onMounted(() => {
   loading.value = true

frontend/src/views/Users.vue

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
         </el-table-column>
         <el-table-column label="最后登录" width="170">
           <template #default="scope">
-            {{ scope.row.last_login_at ? formatDate(scope.row.last_login_at) : '-' }}
+            {{ scope.row.last_login_at ? formatDateTime(scope.row.last_login_at) : '-' }}
           </template>
         </el-table-column>
         <el-table-column label="操作" width="280" align="center" fixed="right">
@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ import { ref, reactive, onMounted, computed } from 'vue'
 import { ElMessage, ElMessageBox } from 'element-plus'
 import { Plus, Search, Refresh } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
 import { userApi } from '@/api/auth'
+import { formatDateTime, formatDate, formatRelative } from '@/utils/datetime'
 import { authStore } from '@/utils/auth'
 
 const loading = ref(false)
@@ -206,15 +207,7 @@ function roleTagType(r) { return ROLE_MAP[r]?.tagType || '' }
 function statusLabel(s) { return STATUS_MAP[s]?.label || s || '-' }
 function statusTagType(s) { return STATUS_MAP[s]?.tagType || '' }
 
-function formatDate(d) {
+// 旧 formatDate 已由 @/utils/datetime 统一替代
-  if (!d) return '-'
-  try {
-    const dt = new Date(d)
-    if (isNaN(dt.getTime())) return d
-    const pad = n => String(n).padStart(2, '0')
-    return `${dt.getFullYear()}-${pad(dt.getMonth()+1)}-${pad(dt.getDate())} ${pad(dt.getHours())}:${pad(dt.getMinutes())}`
-  } catch { return d }
-}
 
 async function loadUsers() {
   loading.value = true

start.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # IPAM 管理系统一键启动脚本
+#
+# 特点：
+#   - 目录自适应：不硬编码 /root/ipam，自动跟随本脚本所在目录。
+#     无论部署在 /opt、/usr/local、/root 还是其它任意目录都能工作。
+#   - systemd 管理：后端、Celery Worker、Celery Beat 都生成 systemd 单元
+#     （ipam-backend / ipam-celery-worker / ipam-celery-beat），
+#     运行本脚本时自动生成并 enable，保证开机自启、崩溃自动重启。
+#   - 前端 vite dev server 仍用 nohup 启动（开发服务，不纳入 systemd）。
 
 echo "=========================================="
 echo "  IPAM 管理系统启动脚本"
@@ -12,8 +20,10 @@ GREEN='\033[0;32m'
 YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
 NC='\033[0m' # No Color
 
-# 项目根目录
+# ============ 目录自适应（核心改动）============
-BASE_DIR="/root/ipam"
+# 无论脚本放哪里，都以其所在目录为项目根目录
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+BASE_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR"
 BACKEND_DIR="$BASE_DIR/backend"
 FRONTEND_DIR="$BASE_DIR/frontend"
 
@@ -21,6 +31,17 @@ FRONTEND_DIR="$BASE_DIR/frontend"
 API_PORT=8008
 FRONTEND_PORT=3000
 
+# systemd 服务名
+SYSTEMD_BACKEND="ipam-backend"
+SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER="ipam-celery-worker"
+SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT="ipam-celery-beat"
+
+# 日志目录
+LOG_DIR="/var/log/ipam"
+mkdir -p "$LOG_DIR" 2>/dev/null
+
+echo -e "${GREEN}📁 项目目录: $BASE_DIR${NC}"
+
 # 检查 Docker 容器状态
 check_docker_containers() {
     echo "🔍 检查 Docker 容器..."
@@ -31,10 +52,10 @@ check_docker_containers() {
         docker start ipam-mysql 2>/dev/null || {
             echo -e "${YELLOW}创建 MySQL 容器...${NC}"
             docker run -d --name ipam-mysql -p 3308:3306 \
-                -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=*** \
+                -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=ipam2024 \
                 -e MYSQL_DATABASE=ipam \
                 -e MYSQL_USER=ipam \
-                -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=*** \
+                -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=ipam2024 \
                 mysql:8.0 --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
         }
     fi
@@ -63,7 +84,90 @@ kill_port() {
     fi
 }
 
-# 启动后端 API
+# ============ systemd 单元动态生成 ============
+# 生成 3 个服务单元（backend / celery-worker / celery-beat）
+# 路径全部跟随 BASE_DIR，保证部署目录变更后重新运行本脚本即可重写
+setup_systemd_services() {
+    echo "⚙️  生成 systemd 服务单元..."
+
+    # --- 后端 ---
+    cat > /etc/systemd/system/$SYSTEMD_BACKEND.service <<EOF
+[Unit]
+Description=IPAM Backend API (uvicorn)
+After=network-online.target
+Wants=network-online.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=simple
+WorkingDirectory=$BACKEND_DIR
+Environment=PYTHONPATH=$BACKEND_DIR
+ExecStart=$BACKEND_DIR/venv/bin/uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port $API_PORT
+Restart=always
+RestartSec=3
+StandardOutput=append:$LOG_DIR/ipam-backend.log
+StandardError=append:$LOG_DIR/ipam-backend.log
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
+EOF
+
+    # --- Celery Worker ---
+    cat > /etc/systemd/system/$SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER.service <<EOF
+[Unit]
+Description=IPAM Celery Worker
+After=$SYSTEMD_BACKEND.service network-online.target
+Wants=network-online.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=simple
+WorkingDirectory=$BACKEND_DIR
+Environment=PYTHONPATH=$BACKEND_DIR
+ExecStart=$BACKEND_DIR/venv/bin/celery -A app.tasks.celery_app worker --loglevel=info --concurrency=4
+Restart=always
+RestartSec=5
+StandardOutput=append:$LOG_DIR/ipam-celery-worker.log
+StandardError=append:$LOG_DIR/ipam-celery-worker.log
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
+EOF
+
+    # --- Celery Beat ---
+    cat > /etc/systemd/system/$SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT.service <<EOF
+[Unit]
+Description=IPAM Celery Beat Scheduler
+After=$SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER.service network-online.target
+Wants=network-online.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=simple
+WorkingDirectory=$BACKEND_DIR
+Environment=PYTHONPATH=$BACKEND_DIR
+ExecStart=$BACKEND_DIR/venv/bin/celery -A app.tasks.celery_app beat --loglevel=info
+Restart=always
+RestartSec=5
+StandardOutput=append:$LOG_DIR/ipam-celery-beat.log
+StandardError=append:$LOG_DIR/ipam-celery-beat.log
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
+EOF
+
+    systemctl daemon-reload
+
+    # enable 开机自启
+    systemctl enable $SYSTEMD_BACKEND >/dev/null 2>&1
+    systemctl enable $SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER >/dev/null 2>&1
+    systemctl enable $SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT >/dev/null 2>&1
+
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✅ systemd 单元已生成并启用开机自启：${NC}"
+    echo "   - $SYSTEMD_BACKEND.service"
+    echo "   - $SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER.service"
+    echo "   - $SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT.service"
+    echo ""
+}
+
+# 启动后端（systemd）
 start_backend() {
     echo "🚀 启动后端 API 服务..."
 
@@ -74,85 +178,104 @@ start_backend() {
         python3 -m venv venv
     fi
 
-    # 激活虚拟环境并启动
+    # 检查并清理占用端口的旧进程
-    cd $BACKEND_DIR
-    source venv/bin/activate
-    
-    # 检查端口并清理
     kill_port $API_PORT
 
-    # 后台启动 uvicorn
+    # 通过 systemd 启动
-    nohup uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port $API_PORT > /tmp/ipam-backend.log 2>&1 &
+    systemctl restart $SYSTEMD_BACKEND
-    BACKEND_PID=$!
+    sleep 4
 
-    # 等待服务启动
-    sleep 5
-    
-    # 检查是否启动成功
     if curl -s http://localhost:$API_PORT/health > /dev/null; then
-        echo -e "${GREEN}✅ 后端 API 启动成功 (端口 $API_PORT)${NC}"
+        echo -e "${GREEN}✅ 后端 API 启动成功 (端口 $API_PORT, systemd 管理)${NC}"
-        echo "   PID: $BACKEND_PID"
-        echo "   日志: /tmp/ipam-backend.log"
         return 0
     else
         echo -e "${RED}❌ 后端 API 启动失败${NC}"
-        echo "   查看日志: tail -50 /tmp/ipam-backend.log"
+        echo "   查看日志: journalctl -u $SYSTEMD_BACKEND -n 50 或 tail -50 $LOG_DIR/ipam-backend.log"
         return 1
     fi
     echo ""
 }
 
-# 启动 Celery Worker
+# 启动 Celery（systemd：worker + beat）
 start_celery() {
-    echo "🚀 启动 Celery Worker..."
+    echo "🚀 启动 Celery Worker & Beat (systemd)..."
+    systemctl restart $SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER
+    systemctl restart $SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT
+    sleep 4
 
-    cd $BACKEND_DIR
+    systemctl is-active --quiet $SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER && WORKER_ACTIVE="yes" || WORKER_ACTIVE="no"
-    source venv/bin/activate
+    systemctl is-active --quiet $SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT && BEAT_ACTIVE="yes" || BEAT_ACTIVE="no"
 
-    # 检查是否已有 celery 进程
+    if [ "$WORKER_ACTIVE" = "yes" ] && [ "$BEAT_ACTIVE" = "yes" ]; then
-    pkill -f "celery.*app.tasks.celery_app" 2>/dev/null
+        echo -e "${GREEN}✅ Celery Worker & Beat 启动成功 (systemd 管理)${NC}"
-    sleep 1
-    
-    # 后台启动 celery
-    nohup celery -A app.tasks.celery_app worker --loglevel=info --concurrency=4 > /tmp/ipam-celery.log 2>&1 &
-    CELERY_PID=$!
-    
-    sleep 3
-    
-    if ps -p $CELERY_PID > /dev/null; then
-        echo -e "${GREEN}✅ Celery Worker 启动成功${NC}"
-        echo "   PID: $CELERY_PID"
-        echo "   日志: /tmp/ipam-celery.log"
         return 0
     else
-        echo -e "${RED}❌ Celery Worker 启动失败${NC}"
+        echo -e "${RED}❌ Celery 启动异常 (worker=$WORKER_ACTIVE beat=$BEAT_ACTIVE)${NC}"
-        echo "   查看日志: tail -50 /tmp/ipam-celery.log"
+        echo "   查看日志: journalctl -u $SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER -n 30 -u $SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT -n 30"
         return 1
     fi
     echo ""
 }
 
-# 启动前端
+# 启动前端（nohup，开发服务）
 start_frontend() {
     echo "🚀 启动前端服务..."
 
     cd $FRONTEND_DIR
 
-    # 检查 node_modules
+    # 检查 node_modules 及关键依赖是否完整（含 vite，全局 npm 可能配置了 omit=dev）
-    if [ ! -d "node_modules" ]; then
+    if [ ! -d "node_modules" ] || [ ! -f "node_modules/vite/bin/vite.js" ]; then
-        echo -e "${YELLOW}安装前端依赖...${NC}"
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}安装前端依赖（含 devDependencies，保证 vite 可用）...${NC}"
-        npm install
+        npm install --include=dev
+    fi
+
+    # 检查 OUI 数据库文件
+    if [ ! -f "$BACKEND_DIR/app/data/oui.txt" ]; then
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}OUI 数据库不存在，尝试从 IEEE 下载...${NC}"
+        cd $BACKEND_DIR
+        source venv/bin/activate
+        python3 -c "
+from mac_vendor_lookup import MacLookup
+import os
+os.makedirs('app/data', exist_ok=True)
+lookup = MacLookup()
+lookup.update_vendors()
+import shutil
+src = os.path.expanduser('~/.cache/mac-vendors.txt')
+if os.path.exists(src):
+    shutil.copy(src, 'app/data/oui.txt')
+    print('OUI 数据库下载完成')
+" 2>/dev/null || echo -e "${YELLOW}OUI 数据库下载失败（网络问题），使用内置硬编码回退${NC}"
     fi
 
     # 检查端口并清理
     kill_port $FRONTEND_PORT
 
+    # 清理 Vite 缓存，避免 element-plus exports 解析失败
+    if [ -d "node_modules/.vite" ]; then
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}清理 Vite 缓存...${NC}"
+        rm -rf node_modules/.vite
+    fi
+
     # 后台启动前端
     nohup npm run dev -- --host 0.0.0.0 --port $FRONTEND_PORT > /tmp/ipam-frontend.log 2>&1 &
     FRONTEND_PID=$!
 
     sleep 8
 
+    if curl -s http://localhost:$FRONTEND_PORT > /dev/null; then
+        echo -e "${GREEN}✅ 前端服务启动成功 (端口 $FRONTEND_PORT)${NC}"
+        echo "   PID: $FRONTEND_PID"
+        echo "   日志: /tmp/ipam-frontend.log"
+        return 0
+    else
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}首次启动失败，尝试清理 Vite 缓存重试...${NC}"
+        kill -9 $FRONTEND_PID 2>/dev/null
+        sleep 1
+        rm -rf node_modules/.vite
+        nohup npm run dev -- --host 0.0.0.0 --port $FRONTEND_PORT > /tmp/ipam-frontend.log 2>&1 &
+        FRONTEND_PID=$!
+        sleep 12
         if curl -s http://localhost:$FRONTEND_PORT > /dev/null; then
             echo -e "${GREEN}✅ 前端服务启动成功 (端口 $FRONTEND_PORT)${NC}"
             echo "   PID: $FRONTEND_PID"
@@ -163,6 +286,7 @@ start_frontend() {
             echo "   查看日志: tail -50 /tmp/ipam-frontend.log"
             return 1
         fi
+    fi
     echo ""
 }
 
@@ -176,8 +300,9 @@ show_status() {
     echo "📊 服务状态："
     echo "   - MySQL:   127.0.0.1:3308 ✅"
     echo "   - Redis:   127.0.0.1:6379 ✅"
-    echo "   - 后端 API: http://$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}'):$API_PORT ✅"
+    echo "   - 后端 API: http://$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}'):$API_PORT ✅ (systemd: $SYSTEMD_BACKEND)"
-    echo "   - Celery:  后台运行 ✅"
+    echo "   - Celery Worker:  systemd: $SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER ✅"
+    echo "   - Celery Beat:     systemd: $SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT ✅（每60秒触发SNMP设备自动轮询）"
     echo "   - 前端界面: http://$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}'):$FRONTEND_PORT ✅"
     echo ""
     echo "📖 访问地址："
@@ -185,7 +310,11 @@ show_status() {
     echo "   - API 文档: http://$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}'):$API_PORT/docs"
     echo ""
     echo "🛑 停止服务命令："
-    echo "   pkill -f 'uvicorn|celery|vite'"
+    echo "   bash $SCRIPT_DIR/stop.sh"
+    echo "   或 systemctl stop $SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT $SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER $SYSTEMD_BACKEND"
+    echo ""
+    echo "📈 查看状态：systemctl status $SYSTEMD_BACKEND $SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER $SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT"
+    echo "📈 查看日志：journalctl -u $SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT -f"
     echo ""
 }
 
@@ -193,7 +322,7 @@ show_status() {
 main() {
     # 检查是否是 root 用户
     if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
-        echo -e "${RED}请使用 root 权限运行此脚本${NC}"
+        echo -e "${RED}请使用 root 权限运行此脚本（生成 systemd 单元需要）${NC}"
         exit 1
     fi
 
@@ -217,6 +346,7 @@ main() {
 
     echo ""
     check_docker_containers
+    setup_systemd_services
     start_backend
     start_celery
     start_frontend

stop.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # IPAM 管理系统停止脚本
+#
+# 通过 systemd 停止后端与 Celery（若服务已接入 systemd），
+# 并停止前端 dev server。
 
 echo "=========================================="
 echo "  IPAM 管理系统停止脚本"
@@ -12,37 +15,52 @@ GREEN='\033[0;32m'
 YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
 NC='\033[0m' # No Color
 
+# 目录自适应（跟随本脚本所在目录）
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+BASE_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR"
+
+# systemd 服务名（与 start.sh 保持一致）
+SYSTEMD_BACKEND="ipam-backend"
+SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER="ipam-celery-worker"
+SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT="ipam-celery-beat"
+
 echo "🛑 正在停止所有服务..."
 echo ""
 
-# 停止后端
+# 停止 Celery Beat
-echo "停止后端 API 服务..."
+echo "停止 Celery Beat..."
-pkill -f "uvicorn app.main:app" 2>/dev/null
+if systemctl stop $SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT 2>/dev/null; then
-if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✅ Celery Beat 已停止 (systemd)${NC}"
-    echo -e "${GREEN}✅ 后端已停止${NC}"
 else
-    echo -e "${YELLOW}ℹ️  后端未运行${NC}"
+    pkill -f "celery.*app.tasks.celery_app.*beat" 2>/dev/null
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}ℹ️  Celery Beat 已停止 (pkill 兜底)${NC}"
 fi
 
-# 停止 Celery
+# 停止 Celery Worker
 echo ""
 echo "停止 Celery Worker..."
-pkill -f "celery.*app.tasks.celery_app" 2>/dev/null
+if systemctl stop $SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER 2>/dev/null; then
-if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✅ Celery Worker 已停止 (systemd)${NC}"
-    echo -e "${GREEN}✅ Celery Worker 已停止${NC}"
 else
-    echo -e "${YELLOW}ℹ️  Celery Worker 未运行${NC}"
+    pkill -f "celery.*app.tasks.celery_app" 2>/dev/null
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}ℹ️  Celery Worker 已停止 (pkill 兜底)${NC}"
+fi
+
+# 停止后端
+echo ""
+echo "停止后端 API 服务..."
+if systemctl stop $SYSTEMD_BACKEND 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✅ 后端已停止 (systemd)${NC}"
+else
+    pkill -f "uvicorn app.main:app" 2>/dev/null
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}ℹ️  后端已停止 (pkill 兜底)${NC}"
 fi
 
 # 停止前端
 echo ""
 echo "停止前端服务..."
 pkill -f "vite" 2>/dev/null
-if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+echo -e "${GREEN}✅ 前端服务已停止${NC}"
-    echo -e "${GREEN}✅ 前端服务已停止${NC}"
-else
-    echo -e "${YELLOW}ℹ️  前端服务未运行${NC}"
-fi
 
 echo ""
 echo "=========================================="
@@ -52,3 +70,6 @@ echo ""
 echo "📋 剩余进程检查:"
 ps aux | grep -E "(uvicorn|celery|vite)" | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2, $11}'
 echo ""
+echo "💡 若希望永久停止开机自启，可执行："
+echo "   systemctl disable $SYSTEMD_BACKEND $SYSTEMD_CELERY_WORKER $SYSTEMD_CELERY_BEAT"
+echo ""